分类目录归档：Oracle备份恢复

ORA-600 999 异常恢复

发表于 2016 年 8 月 1 日 由 惜分飞

有网友数据库启动报ORA-600 999错误,无法正常open,让我们介入分析,帮忙恢复其中部分数据
数据库启动报ORA-600 999

Sun Jul 31 23:09:36 2016
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_3356.trc  (incident=179779):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [999], [0x7FFAE748013], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_179779\orcl_smon_3356_i179779.trc
No Resource Manager plan active
Starting background process QMNC
Sun Jul 31 23:09:37 2016
QMNC started with pid=20, OS id=5068 
ORACLE Instance orcl (pid = 13) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (7, 1).
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_3356.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [999], [0x7FFAE748013], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Completed: alter database open
Sun Jul 31 23:09:38 2016
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 8680 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Trace dumping is performing id=[cdmp_20160731230939]
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_3356.trc  (incident=179785):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [999], [0x7FFAE748013], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORACLE Instance orcl (pid = 13) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (7, 1).
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_3356.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [999], [0x7FFAE748013], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Sun Jul 31 23:09:41 2016
Starting background process CJQ0
Sun Jul 31 23:09:41 2016
CJQ0 started with pid=25, OS id=2572 
Process debug not enabled via parameter _debug_enable
Trace dumping is performing id=[cdmp_20160731230942]
PMON (ospid: 3948): terminating the instance due to error 474
Sun Jul 31 23:09:48 2016
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (2592) as a result of ORA-1092
Sun Jul 31 23:09:48 2016
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Sun Jul 31 23:09:52 2016
Instance terminated by PMON, pid = 3948

设置_offline_rollback_segments数据库启动正常

Sun Jul 31 23:18:13 2016
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 16
  Current log# 1 seq# 16 mem# 0: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG
Successful open of redo thread 1
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 5.
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
No Resource Manager plan active
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_4372.trc  (incident=182188):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [3], [224], [38508], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_182188\orcl_smon_4372_i182188.trc
Doing block recovery for file 3 block 224
Resuming block recovery (PMON) for file 3 block 224
Block recovery from logseq 16, block 2945 to scn 15431544
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 16 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG
Trace dumping is performing id=[cdmp_20160731231815]
Block recovery stopped at EOT rba 16.2952.16
Block recovery completed at rba 16.2952.16, scn 0.15431543
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_4372.trc:
ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [3], [224], [38508], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Sun Jul 31 23:18:19 2016
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_4372.trc  (incident=182189):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [3], [224], [38508], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_182189\orcl_smon_4372_i182189.trc
Starting background process QMNC
Sun Jul 31 23:18:19 2016
QMNC started with pid=20, OS id=4920 
Doing block recovery for file 3 block 224
Resuming block recovery (PMON) for file 3 block 224
Block recovery from logseq 16, block 2945 to scn 15431544
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 16 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG
Block recovery completed at rba 16.2952.16, scn 0.15431545
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_4372.trc:
ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [3], [224], [38508], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Starting background process SMCO
Sun Jul 31 23:18:19 2016
SMCO started with pid=21, OS id=3176 
Sun Jul 31 23:18:20 2016
Trace dumping is performing id=[cdmp_20160731231820]
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN

尝试删除异常回滚段

Sun Jul 31 23:15:07 2016
drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU7_1101470402$"
Sun Jul 31 23:15:07 2016
Corrupt Block Found
         TSN = 2, TSNAME = UNDOTBS1
         RFN = 3, BLK = 224, RDBA = 12583136
         OBJN = -1, OBJD = -1, OBJECT = , SUBOBJECT = 
         SEGMENT OWNER = , SEGMENT TYPE = 
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_5300.trc  (incident=181035):
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kdBlkCheckError], [3], [224], [38508], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_181035\orcl_ora_5300_i181035.trc
Doing block recovery for file 3 block 224
Resuming block recovery (PMON) for file 3 block 224
Block recovery from logseq 14, block 8682 to scn 15397854
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 14 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG
Block recovery completed at rba 14.8688.16, scn 0.15397855
ORA-607 signalled during: drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU7_1101470402$"...
Corrupt Block Found
         TSN = 2, TSNAME = UNDOTBS1
         RFN = 3, BLK = 224, RDBA = 12583136
         OBJN = -1, OBJD = -1, OBJECT = , SUBOBJECT = 
         SEGMENT OWNER = , SEGMENT TYPE =

从这里看,我们可以确定file 3 block 224异常,导致删除回滚段异常.和mos官方给出来的案例类似,由于undo坏块导致数据库报ORA-600 999错误

mos中ORA-600 999报错信息
官方的益处ORA-600[999]报错,也是由于undo坏块引起和本文的报错基本上一致
ORA-600-999

因为只要部分数据,直接屏蔽回滚段,数据库不再crash,导出需要对象即可

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_ALLOW_RESETLOGS_CORRUPTION

发表于 2016 年 7 月 31 日 由 惜分飞

我相信_ALLOW_RESETLOGS_CORRUPTION 这个参数一定很多人都熟悉,是redo异常恢复的杀手锏之一,以下文章是来自官方的解释

DB_Parameter _ALLOW_RESETLOGS_CORRUPTION 
========================================
 
This documentation has been prepared avoiding the mention of the complex 
structures from the code and to simply give an insight to the 'damage it could 
cause'.  The usage of this parameter leads to an in-consistent Database with no 
other alternative but to rebuild the complete Database.  This parameter could 
be used when we realize that there are no stardard options available and are 
convinced that the customer understands the implications of using the Oracle's 
secret parameter.  The factors to be considered are ;-- 
 
1. Customer does not have a good backup. 
2. A lot of time and money has been invested after the last good backup and     
   there is no possibility for reproduction of the lost data. 
3. The customer has to be ready to export the full database and import it     
   back after creating a new one. 
4. There is no 100% guarantee that by using this parameter the database would 
   come up. 
5. Oracle does not support the database after using this parameter for        
   recovery.    
6. ALL OPTIONS including the ones mentioned in the action part of the error   
   message have been tried. 
 
 

 
By setting _ALLOW_RESETLOGS_CORRUPTION=TRUE, certain consistency checks are 
SKIPPED during database open stage.  This basically means it does not check 
the datafile headers as to what the status was before the shutdown and how it 
was shutdown.  The following cases mention few of the checks that were skipped. 
 
Case-I 
------ 
Verification that the datafile present has not been restored from a BACKUP 
taken before the database was opened successfully by using RESETLOGS.   

ORA-01190: control file or data file %s is from before the last RESETLOGS
    Cause: Attempting to use a data file when the log reset information in  
           the file does not match the control file.  Either the data file or  
           the control file is a backup that was made before the most recent 
           ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS. 
   Action: Restore file from a more recent backup. 

 
Case-II 
------- 
Verification that the status bit of the datafile is not in a FUZZY state. 
The datafile could be in this state due to the database going down when the  
 - Datafile was on-line and open 
 - Datafile was not closed cleanly (maybe due to OS). 

ORA-01194: file %s needs more recovery to be consistent 
    Cause: An incomplete recover session was started, but an insufficient 
           number of logs were applied to make the file consistent.  The  
           reported file was not closed cleanly when it was last opened by 
           the database.  It must be recovered to a time when it was not  
           being updated.  The most likely cause of this error is forgetting 
           to restore the file from a backup before doing incomplete  
           recovery. 
   Action: Either apply more logs until the file is consistent or restore the 
           file from an older backup and repeat recovery. 
 

Case-III 
-------- 
Verification that the COMPLETE recover strategies have been applied for 
recovering the datafile and not any of the INCOMPLETE recovery options.  
Basically because the complete recovery is one in which we even apply the 
ON-LINE redo log files and open the DB without reseting the logs. 

ORA-01113: file '%s' needs media recovery starting at log sequence # %s 
    Cause: An attempt was made to open a database file that is in need of  
           media recovery. 
   Action: First apply media recovery to the file. 

 
Case-IV 
------- 
Verification that the datafile has been recovered through an END BACKUP if the 
control file indicates that it was in backup mode. 
This is useful when the DB has crashed while in hot backup mode and we lost 
all log files in DB version's less than V7.2. 

ORA-01195: on-line backup of file %s needs more recovery to be consistent" 
    Cause: An incomplete recovery session was started, but an insufficient  
           number of logs were applied to make the file consistent.  The 
           reported file is an on-line backup which must be recovered to the 
           time the backup ended. 
   Action: Either apply more logs until the file is consistent or resotre 
          the database files from an older backup and repeat recovery. 
 
In version 7.2, we could simply issue the ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE xxxx END 
BACKUP statement and proceed with the recovery.  But again to issue this 
statement, we need to have the ON-LINE redo logs or else we still are forced to
use this parameter. 
 

Case-V 
------ 
Verification that the data file status is not still in (0x10) MEDIA recovery 
FUZZY. 
When recovery is started, a flag is set in the datafile header status flag to 
indicate that the file is presently in media recovery.  This is reset when 
recovery is completed and at times when it has not been reset we are forced to 
use this paramter. 

ORA-01196: file %s is inconsistent due to a failed media recovery session 
    Cause: The file was being recovered but the recovery did not terminate 
           normally.  This left the file in an inconsistent state.  No more  
           recovery was successfully completed on this file. 
   Action: Either apply more logs until the file is consistent or restore the 
           backup again and repeat recovery. 
 
 
Case-VI 
------- 
Verification that the datafile has been restored form a proper backup to 
correspond with the log files.  This situation could happen when we have 
decided that the data file is invalid since its SCN is ahead of the last 
applied logs SCN but it has not failed on one of the ABOVE CHECKS. 

ORA-01152: file '%s' was not restored from a sufficientluy old backup" 
    Cause: A manual recovery session was started, but an insufficient number 
           of logs were applied to make the database consistent.  This file is 
           still in the future of the last log applied.  Note that this  
           mistake can not always be caught. 
   Action: Either apply more logs until the database is consistent or 
           restore the database file from an older backup and repeat  
           recovery.

使用_ALLOW_RESETLOGS_CORRUPTION 参数需谨慎,因为该参数可能导致数据库逻辑不一致,甚至可能把本来很简单的一个恢复弄的非常复杂甚至不可恢复的后果,建议在oracle support支持下使用.另外使用该参数resetlogs库之后,强烈建议通过逻辑方式重建库

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数据库恢复的敏感性—重建控制文件使用不合适数据文件

发表于 2016 年 7 月 30 日 由 惜分飞

有客户数据库由于某种原因无法open,请求我们技术支持.通过检查alert日志发现数据库是由于ORA-600 kccpb_sanity_check_2错误.并且他们已经重建控制文件,通过我们的Oracle数据库异常恢复检查脚本(Oracle Database Recovery Check)
datafile 6 异常
wrong-file1
wrong-file
wrong-file-redo

通过这里我们发现datafile 6 数据文件头是干净的,而且对应的redo seq为5270,而其他文件头都是fuzzy,而且对应的redo为295902613.这里怀疑datafile 6 可能是错误的.当然对于这样scn相距比较大的情况,我们可以通过隐含参数,修改scn等方法强制让该库起来(或者该文件online),但是从现在看到的情况,文件很可能异常,这样强制恢复,可能没有实际意义.
分析alert日志
alert-log
这个里面可以发现是先删除了sde表空间,然后创建了同一个表空间,只是数据文件路径不一样了.而且正好在seq为5270的地方操作的.现在出现datafile 6异常的原因已经清楚,就是创建数据控制文件的时候,使用了错误的数据文件导致.

完美恢复数据库

D:\>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期六 7月 30 16:31:01 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开


已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 5133828096 bytes
Fixed Size                  2011360 bytes
Variable Size            2382368544 bytes
Database Buffers         2734686208 bytes
Redo Buffers               14761984 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "LANDDB" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\ONLINELOG\O1_MF_1_4JCM05KL_.LOG'  SIZE 50M,
  9    GROUP 2 'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\ONLINELOG\O1_MF_2_4JCM064D_.LOG'  SIZE 50M,
 10    GROUP 3 'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\ONLINELOG\O1_MF_3_4JCM06PG_.LOG'  SIZE 50M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\DATAFILE\O1_MF_SYSTEM_4JCLYY6T_.DBF',
 13    'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\DATAFILE\O1_MF_UNDOTBS1_4JCLYY8S_.DBF',
 14    'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\DATAFILE\O1_MF_SYSAUX_4JCLYY7B_.DBF',
 15    'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\DATAFILE\O1_MF_USERS_4JCLYY98_.DBF',
 16    'F:\ORADATA\LANDDB\DATAFILE\FUJIAN',
 17    'D:\data\sde.dbf'
 18  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 19  ;

控制文件已创建。

SQL> recover database;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

SQL>

这个库比较幸运,客户发现异常之后,里面停止了有风险性的操作(比如使用_allow_resetlogs_corruption参数,resetlogs库等),使得数据完美恢复0丢失.如果条件允许最好使用老的控制文件来重建新控制文件,而不要通过人工去系统中找数据文件来实现恢复,这样很可能有遗落或者使用错误的数据文件

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