分类目录归档:rman备份/恢复

使用rman from service 搭建dataguard

从oracle 12c开始提供了rman通过from service方式搭建dg,使用12c长期支持版19c(并打上最新的patch)
配置dataguard相关参数(主备库有稍微不同)

alter system set db_unique_name='XIFENFEI' scope=spfile;
alter system set service_names='XIFENFEI';
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(XIFENFEI,XIFENFEIDG)';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST 
  valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=XIFENFEI';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=XIFENFEIDG lgwr async 
 valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=XIFENFEIDG';
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/',
 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/',
 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/' scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_server=XIFENFEIDG;

配置tnsnames.ora

XIFENFEI =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.238)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = XIFENFEI)
    )
  )

XIFENFEIDG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.124)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = XIFENFEI)
    )
  )

拷贝主库密码文件到备库

[oracle@primary ~]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwXIFENFEI 192.168.0.124:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
The authenticity of host '192.168.0.124 (192.168.0.124)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:NI2952z4Bqc3M/B+AK7EJRiJNauROIyluvu1l4NSTX0.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:1d:64:dd:ef:1c:ad:ed:cf:70:22:2d:4d:7c:90:5e:5e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.124' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.0.124's password: 
orapwXIFENFEI                                                                   100% 2048     6.6MB/s   00:00    
[oracle@primary ~]$ 

备库启动到nomount状态

[oracle@standby ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Mar 13 20:32:34 2021
Version 19.10.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/pfile';

File created.

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/tmp/pfile'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4294963264 bytes
Fixed Size                  8904768 bytes
Variable Size             805306368 bytes
Database Buffers         3472883712 bytes
Redo Buffers                7868416 bytes
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.10.0.0.0

rman from service方式创建standby ctl和还原数据文件

[oracle@standby ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Mar 13 20:34:37 2021
Version 19.10.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: XIFENFEI (not mounted)

RMAN> restore standby controlfile from service XIFENFEI;

Starting restore at 13-MAR-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=9 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service XIFENFEI
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XIFENFEI/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 13-MAR-21

RMAN> alter database mount;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Statement processed

RMAN> restore database from service XIFENFEI;

Starting restore at 13-MAR-21
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 13-MAR-21
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=12 device type=DISK
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 13-MAR-21

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 13-MAR-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 13-MAR-21

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service XIFENFEI
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service XIFENFEI
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service XIFENFEI
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service XIFENFEI
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 13-MAR-21

备库启动mrp进程

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Database altered.
2021-03-13T20:54:08.075418+08:00
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (XIFENFEI)
Starting background process MRP0
2021-03-13T20:54:08.086269+08:00
MRP0 started with pid=56, OS id=8182 
2021-03-13T20:54:08.087276+08:00
Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (XIFENFEI)
2021-03-13T20:54:13.104757+08:00
 Started logmerger process
2021-03-13T20:54:13.112058+08:00

IM on ADG: Start of Empty Journal 

IM on ADG: End of Empty Journal 
PR00 (PID:8188): Managed Standby Recovery starting Real Time Apply
2021-03-13T20:54:13.205668+08:00
Parallel Media Recovery started with 4 slaves
2021-03-13T20:54:13.216576+08:00
Stopping change tracking
PR00 (PID:8188): Media Recovery Waiting for T-1.S-25 (in transit)
2021-03-13T20:54:13.269138+08:00
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 12 Seq 25 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XIFENFEI/s_redo12.log

至此dataguard基本上搭建完成

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rman备份到win共享目录

在win环境中数据库备份到异地,相对来说没有linux的nfs方便(可能nfs使用多了比较熟悉),以前写过一篇文章(windows rman自动备份并传输到远程服务器处理方法),通过本地备份,然后拷贝到远程共享目录实现,相对来说该方案比较繁琐,这次尝试直接备份到共享目录
1. 服务配置
20190926221926


oracle数据库服务和监听服务配置使用此账户的方式登录(而不是默认的本地系统账号)

2.在目标服务器中配置共享
20190926222029

主要两台win服务器登录用户名和密码需要一致,最好也是数据库安装用户

3.数据库备份脚本
20190926222130

备份脚本路径使用\\方式而不能使用别名盘符

4.数据库备份计划任务
20190926222951

运行任务时请使用下列用户选择ORA_DBA

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恢复没有控制文件备份的rman数据文件备份

最近有朋友咨询,只有rman备份数据文件,无控制文件备份的问题,这里进行分析验证
只有数据文件的rman备份
这里只有数据文件的备份,没有任何控制文件的备份

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>e:

E:\>dir
 驱动器 E 中的卷是 新加卷
 卷的序列号是 68FB-8527

 E:\ 的目录

2018-03-29  10:53     6,163,873,792 FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN
2018-03-29  10:54     1,050,558,464 FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN
2018-03-29  10:56     2,167,414,784 FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN
2018-03-29  11:07     1,034,625,024 FULL_20180329_05SV09QQ_1_1.RMAN
2018-03-29  11:07         1,376,256 FULL_20180329_06SV09RJ_1_1.RMAN
2018-03-29  11:08         3,104,768 FULL_20180329_07SV09TP_1_1.RMAN

还原system01.dbf

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size                  2177456 bytes
Variable Size            1224738384 bytes
Database Buffers          905969664 bytes
Redo Buffers                5001216 bytes


SQL> @restore_datafile.sql system01.dbf

Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File : Found
------------------------
RESTORED Data File To: D:\oradata\orcl\system01.dbf

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

重建控制文件

SQL> startup nomount pfile=e:/pfile.txt
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size                  2177456 bytes
Variable Size            1224738384 bytes
Database Buffers          905969664 bytes
Redo Buffers                5001216 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 50
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 1
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 226
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 'D:\oradata\orcl\redo01.log'  SIZE 100M,
  9    GROUP 2 'D:\oradata\orcl\redo02.log'  SIZE 100M,
 10    GROUP 3 'D:\oradata\orcl\redo03.log'  SIZE 100M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    'D:\oradata\orcl\system01.dbf'
 13  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 14  ;

控制文件已创建。

注册备份集

E:\>rman target /

恢复管理器: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 3月 29 15:46:17 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

已连接到目标数据库: ORCL (DBID=1449113534, 未打开)

RMAN> catalog start with 'e:/*.rman';

使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录
搜索与样式 e:/*.rman 匹配的所有文件

数据库未知文件的列表
=====================================
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_05SV09QQ_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_06SV09RJ_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_07SV09TP_1_1.RMAN

是否确实要将上述文件列入目录 (输入 YES 或 NO)? yes
正在编制文件目录...
目录编制完毕

已列入目录的文件的列表
=======================
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_05SV09QQ_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_06SV09RJ_1_1.RMAN
文件名: E:\FULL_20180329_07SV09TP_1_1.RMAN

RMAN> list backup;


备份集列表
===================


BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
1       Full    5.74G      DISK        00:00:00     29-3月 -18
        BP 关键字: 1   状态: AVAILABLE  已压缩: NO  标记: TAG20180329T104802
段名:E:\FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN
  备份集 1 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  5       Full 96384627   29-3月 -18

BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
2       Full    1001.88M   DISK        00:00:00     29-3月 -18
        BP 关键字: 2   状态: AVAILABLE  已压缩: NO  标记: TAG20180329T104802
段名:E:\FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN
  备份集 2 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  1       Full 96384627   29-3月 -18 D:\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF

BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
3       Full    2.02G      DISK        00:00:00     29-3月 -18
        BP 关键字: 3   状态: AVAILABLE  已压缩: NO  标记: TAG20180329T104802
段名:E:\FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN
  备份集 3 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  6       Full 96384627   29-3月 -18

BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
4       Full    986.69M    DISK        00:00:00     29-3月 -18
        BP 关键字: 4   状态: AVAILABLE  已压缩: NO  标记: TAG20180329T110706
段名:E:\FULL_20180329_05SV09QQ_1_1.RMAN
  备份集 4 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  2       Full 96384627   29-3月 -18

BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
5       Full    1.30M      DISK        00:00:00     29-3月 -18
        BP 关键字: 5   状态: AVAILABLE  已压缩: NO  标记: TAG20180329T110706
段名:E:\FULL_20180329_06SV09RJ_1_1.RMAN
  备份集 5 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  4       Full 96384627   29-3月 -18

BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
6       Full    2.95M      DISK        00:00:00     29-3月 -18
        BP 关键字: 6   状态: AVAILABLE  已压缩: NO  标记: TAG20180329T110841
段名:E:\FULL_20180329_07SV09TP_1_1.RMAN
  备份集 6 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  3       Full 96384627   29-3月 -18

还原所有数据文件

SQL> @restore_datafile all_file

Restoring All Data Files :
--------------------------
Attempting To Restore :D:\oradata\orcl\1.dbf
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File : Found
------------------------
RESTORED Data File To: D:\oradata\orcl\1.dbf
Attempting To Restore :D:\oradata\orcl\2.dbf
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_05SV09QQ_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File : Found
------------------------
RESTORED Data File To: D:\oradata\orcl\2.dbf
Attempting To Restore :D:\oradata\orcl\3.dbf
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_05SV09QQ_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_06SV09RJ_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_07SV09TP_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File : Found
------------------------
RESTORED Data File To: D:\oradata\orcl\3.dbf
Attempting To Restore :D:\oradata\orcl\4.dbf
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_05SV09QQ_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_06SV09RJ_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File : Found
------------------------
RESTORED Data File To: D:\oradata\orcl\4.dbf
Attempting To Restore :D:\oradata\orcl\5.dbf
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File : Found
------------------------
RESTORED Data File To: D:\oradata\orcl\5.dbf
Attempting To Restore :D:\oradata\orcl\6.dbf
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_01SV08N2_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_02SV0918_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File: Not Found
------------------------
Trying : E:/FULL_20180329_03SV092B_1_1.RMAN From : DISK
Data File : Found
------------------------
RESTORED Data File To: D:\oradata\orcl\6.dbf

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

重建控制文件并open数据库

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 50
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 1
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 226
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 'D:\oradata\orcl\redo01.log'  SIZE 100M,
  9    GROUP 2 'D:\oradata\orcl\redo02.log'  SIZE 100M,
 10    GROUP 3 'D:\oradata\orcl\redo03.log'  SIZE 100M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    'D:\oradata\orcl\1.dbf',
 13    'D:\oradata\orcl\2.dbf',
 14    'D:\oradata\orcl\3.dbf',
 15    'D:\oradata\orcl\4.dbf',
 16    'D:\oradata\orcl\5.dbf',
 17    'D:\oradata\orcl\6.dbf'
 18  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 19  ;

控制文件已创建。

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

数据库已更改。

这里本质就是通过oracle内部包,直接还原数据文件,这个模拟的是基础的情况,在实际的恢复中,由于只有数据文件的备份,可能文件不一致,还需要通过一些非常规方法对数据库进行强制打开

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