标签归档：Input/output error

记录一次oracle现场故障处理经过

发表于 2021 年 4 月 3 日 由 惜分飞

近期到现场进行了一个数据库恢复,我在恢复之前该库先由于硬件进行恢复,然后由其他人对其进行了一系列数据库恢复,但是未恢复成功,客户希望我们到现场进行处理(因为网络原因无法远程).接手库之后,处理第一个问题,是客户在进行现场备份的时候(把linux数据拷贝到win的过程中)发现有几个文件拷贝异常,这个错误很可能是由于当初的硬件故障修复之后留下的后遗症(由于io设备错误,无法运行此项请求),通过工具进行拷贝,恢复出来
20210403210131

DUL> copy file from  /oradata2/xifenfeidata.dbf to /oradata2/xifenfeidata.dbf

starting copy datafile '/oradata1/xifenfeidata.dbf' to '/oradata2/xifenfeidata.dbf'
read data error from file '/oradata1/xifenfeidata.dbf'.error message:Input/output error
read block# error: 560171
read data error from file '/oradata1/xifenfeidata.dbf'.error message:Input/output error
read block# error: 560179
datafile copy completed with 2 block error.

[oracle@localhost ~]$ dbv file=/oradata2/xifenfeidata.dbf blocksize=16384

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Mon Mar 29 17:28:17 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oradata2/xifenfeidata.dbf
Page 560171 is marked corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x3bc88c2b (file 239, block 560171)
Completely zero block found during dbv: 

Page 560179 is marked corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x3bc88c33 (file 239, block 560179)
Completely zero block found during dbv: 



DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined         : 4194302
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 2230726
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 1936953
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 26618
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 3
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 2
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 304929867 (106.304929867)

修复完相关无法拷贝文件之后,启动数据库报控制文件异常

Mon Mar 29 15:03:38 2021
alter database mount
USER (ospid: 29044): terminating the instance
Mon Mar 29 15:03:42 2021
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=29044), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xff/xff/trace/xff_diag_28961.trc
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 29044

尝试重建ctl

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Mar 29 17:40:17 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/tmp/pfile'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1.7704E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2235568 bytes
Variable Size            2348811088 bytes
Database Buffers         1.5301E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers               52580352 bytes
SQL> @/tmp/ctl.sql
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE xff NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed
ORA-01189: file is from a different RESETLOGS than previous files
ORA-01110: data file 249: '/oradata/xff/system03.dbf'

初步判断是由于对方之前恢复导致部分文件resetlogs scn异常,通过bbed进行判断确认

BBED> set file 1
        FILE#           1

BBED> p kcvfhrls
struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes                    @116     
   ub4 kscnbas                              @116      0x00000001
   ub2 kscnwrp                              @120      0x0000

BBED> set file 249
        FILE#           249

BBED> p kcvfhrls
struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes                    @116     
   ub4 kscnbas                              @116      0x00000001
   ub2 kscnwrp                              @120      0x0000

通过bbed修改相关值,然后重建控制文件成功,尝试resetlogs库，报ORA-01248错误

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01248: file 234 was created in the future of incomplete recovery
ORA-01110: data file 234: '/oradata1/xifenfeidata5.DBF'

关于ORA-01248的错误解释

01248, 00000, "file %s was created in the future of incomplete recovery"
// *Cause:  Attempting to do a RESETLOGS open with a file entry in the
//          control file that was originally created after the UNTIL time 
//          of the incomplete recovery.
//          Allowing such an entry may hide the version of the file that 
//          is needed at this time.  The file number may be in use for 
//          a different file which would be lost if the RESETLOGS was allowed.
// *Action: If more recovery is desired then apply redo until the creation
//          time of the file is reached. If the file is not wanted and the
//          same file number is not in use at the stop time of the recovery,
//          then the file can be taken offline with the FOR DROP option.
//          Otherwise a different control file is needed to allow the RESETLOGS.
//          Another backup can be restored and recovered, or a control file can
//          be created via CREATE CONTROLFILE.

大概的意思是文件的创建时间大于文件当前的scn,通过查询确实如此

SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,CREATION_TIME from v$datafile_header where file#=234;

           FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_
---------------- ---------------- ---------
             234     419298664864 02-AUG-19

SQL> SELECT status,  
  2  to_char(checkpoint_change#,'9999999999999999') "SCN",
  3  to_char(checkpoint_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') checkpoint_time,FUZZY,
  4  count(*) ROW_NUM
  5  FROM v$datafile_header
  6  GROUP BY status, checkpoint_change#, to_char(checkpoint_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),fuzzy
  7  ORDER BY status, checkpoint_change#, checkpoint_time;

STATUS  SCN               CHECKPOINT_TIME     FUZ          ROW_NUM
------- ----------------- ------------------- --- ----------------
ONLINE       417750848223 2021-02-23 23:50:46 YES                7
ONLINE       417750848223 2021-03-21 11:44:25 NO               396

通过对部分scn进行修改（比如减小创建时间的scn)，然后尝试resetlogs库

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01555: snapshot too old: rollback segment number 5 with name
"_SYSSMU5_2708889888$" too small
Process ID: 3182
Session ID: 1 Serial number: 3

这个错误比较简单,参考以前的部分文章:在数据库open过程中常遇到ORA-01555汇总数据库open过程遭遇ORA-1555对应sql语句补充,处理之后,数据库open成功

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1.7704E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2235568 bytes
Variable Size            2348811088 bytes
Database Buffers         1.5301E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers               52580352 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

本次数据库恢复基本上完成,已经最大限度恢复数据,导出数据到新库,完成恢复任务

发表在 非常规恢复 | 标签为 , , | 评论关闭

Input/output error故障恢复

发表于 2019 年 2 月 24 日 由 惜分飞

客户由于硬件故障，导致数据文件出现io错误

oracle@linux1:~> dd if=/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf of=/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf_bak bs=8192
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
83871+0 records in
83871+0 records out
687071232 bytes (687 MB) copied, 1.07177 s, 641 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
83871+0 records in
83871+0 records out
687071232 bytes (687 MB) copied, 1.0731 s, 640 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
83871+0 records in
83871+0 records out
687071232 bytes (687 MB) copied, 1.07431 s, 640 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 4.11649 s, 169 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 5.64775 s, 124 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 7.1791 s, 97.2 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 8.70247 s, 80.2 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 10.2258 s, 68.2 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 10.2272 s, 68.2 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 10.2284 s, 68.2 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 10.2296 s, 68.2 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85158+1 records in
85158+1 records out
697618432 bytes (698 MB) copied, 10.2309 s, 68.2 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85170+1 records in
85170+1 records out
697716736 bytes (698 MB) copied, 11.7563 s, 59.3 MB/s
dd: reading `/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf': Input/output error
85170+1 records in
85170+1 records out
697716736 bytes (698 MB) copied, 13.3038 s, 52.4 MB/s
93431+1 records in
93431+1 records out
765390848 bytes (765 MB) copied, 18.2578 s, 41.9 MB/s

这个明显io错误比较多,无法直接使用以前的dd方法较好的恢复数据,只能通过linux平台的一些io工具修复文件(或者直接把磁盘挂载到win上通过工具处理),然后下载到win机器之后效果不错,只有17个坏块

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>dbv file=f:/11.2.0.1/system01.dbf

DBVERIFY: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期日 2月 24 22:46:59 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - 开始验证: FILE = f:/11.2.0.1/system01.dbf
页 83871 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0041479f (file 1, block 83871)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 83872 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x004147a0 (file 1, block 83872)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 83873 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x004147a1 (file 1, block 83873)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0x759c0601
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0xddc6

页 85161 流入 - 很可能是介质损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414ca9 (file 1, block 85161)
Fractured block found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x00414ca9
 last change scn: 0x0000.0ce20ac2 seq: 0x2 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0x47f0
 computed block checksum: 0xc3ab

页 85162 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414caa (file 1, block 85162)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85163 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cab (file 1, block 85163)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85164 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cac (file 1, block 85164)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85165 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cad (file 1, block 85165)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85166 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cae (file 1, block 85166)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85167 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414caf (file 1, block 85167)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85177 流入 - 很可能是介质损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cb9 (file 1, block 85177)
Fractured block found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x00414cb9
 last change scn: 0x0000.0ce55ebf seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0x54c9
 computed block checksum: 0x5ce5

页 85178 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cba (file 1, block 85178)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85179 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cbb (file 1, block 85179)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85180 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cbc (file 1, block 85180)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85181 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cbd (file 1, block 85181)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85182 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cbe (file 1, block 85182)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0

页 85183 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414cbf (file 1, block 85183)
Bad header found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 5 rdba: 0xe5e5e5e5
 last change scn: 0xe5e5.e5e5e5e5 seq: 0xe5 flg: 0xe5
 spare1: 0xe5 spare2: 0xe5 spare3: 0xe5e5
 consistency value in tail: 0xe5e5e5e5
 check value in block header: 0xe5e5
 computed block checksum: 0x0



DBVERIFY - 验证完成

检查的页总数: 93440
处理的页总数 (数据): 64294
失败的页总数 (数据): 0
处理的页总数 (索引): 12616
失败的页总数 (索引): 0
处理的页总数 (其它): 3111
处理的总页数 (段)  : 0
失败的总页数 (段)  : 0
空的页总数: 13402
标记为损坏的总页数: 17
流入的页总数: 2
最高块 SCN            : 1073748415 (0.1073748415)

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>

经过一系列恢复,数据库强制打开,数据库后台报ORA-7445 kkogbro

Completed: alter database open resetlogs upgrade
Sun Feb 24 18:06:36 2019
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=9032 
Sun Feb 24 18:07:50 2019
Errors in file d:\app\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_8336.trc:
Sun Feb 24 18:07:52 2019
Trace dumping is performing id=[cdmp_20190224180752]
Sun Feb 24 18:09:42 2019
alter tablespace temp add tempfile 'f:/11.2.0.1/temp01.dbf' size 128m autoextend on
Completed: alter tablespace temp add tempfile 'f:/11.2.0.1/temp01.dbf' size 128m autoextend on
Exception [type: ACCESS_VIOLATION, UNABLE_TO_READ] [ADDR:0x166] [PC:0x38E41AD, kkogbro()+497]
ERROR: Unable to normalize symbol name for the following short stack (at offset 199):
dbgexProcessError()+193<-dbgeExecuteForError()+65<-dbgePostErrorKGE()+1726<-dbkePostKGE_kgsf()+
75<-kgeade()+560<-kgerev()+125<-kgerec5()+60<-sss_xcpt_EvalFilterEx()+1869<-
sss_xcpt_EvalFilter()+174<-.1.6_8+59<-0000000077207388<-000000007721BF7D<-
00000000771F043A<-000000007721B61E<-kkogbro()+497<-kkogjro()+99<-kkojnp()
+10299<-kkocnp()+78<-kkooqb()+1549<-kkoqbc()+2474<-apakkoqb()+200<-
apaqbdDescendents()+496<-apaqbdList()+79<-apaqbdDescendents()+795<-
apaqbdList()+79<-apaqbd()+17<-apadrv()+818<-opitca()+2518<-kksLoadChild()+9008
<-kxsGetRuntimeLock()+2320<-kksfbc()+15225<-kkspbd0()+669<-kksParseCursor()+741
<-opiosq0()+2538<-opipls()+12841<-opiodr()+1662<-rpidrus()+862<-rpidru()+154
<-rpiswu2()+2757<-rpidrv()+6105<-psddr0()+614<-psdnal()+510<-pevm_EXECC()+365
<-pfrinstr_EXECC()+90<-pfrrun_no_tool()+65<-pfrrun()+1241<-plsql_run()+875
<-peicnt()+329<-kkxexe()+616<-opiexe()+20006
Errors in file d:\app\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_8336.trc  (incident=2540):
ORA-07445: 出现异常错误: 核心转储 [kkogbro()+497] [ACCESS_VIOLATION] [ADDR:0x166] [PC:0x38E41AD] [UNABLE_TO_READ] []
Incident details in: d:\app\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_2540\orcl_ora_8336_i2540.trc

通过分析trace文件,确认是和坏块有关系,对于上述坏块进行处理之后,数据正常导出.

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分布式存储crash导致ORACLE坏块原因分析

发表于 2018 年 3 月 10 日 由 惜分飞

oracle运行在分布式存储中，我们在实验室模拟所有存储节点故障(整个存储断电),然后加电，数据库启动没有坏块，但是有客户在自己的环境做测试，发现数据库启动有大量坏块(几次测试问题依旧)。
客户异常环境报错汇总
模拟存储故障后，数据库报错信息,主要体现犹豫存储模拟故障,数据库读写io失败ORA-15081，ORA-27072，ORA-27061

Thread 2 cannot allocate new log, sequence 488
Checkpoint not complete
  Current log# 3 seq# 487 mem# 0: +DATADG/testdb/onlinelog/group_3.318.970157559
  Current log# 3 seq# 487 mem# 1: +ARCHDG/testdb/onlinelog/group_3.616.970157559
Thu Mar 08 16:17:08 2018
WARNING: Read Failed. group:2 disk:0 AU:6925 offset:49152 size:16384
WARNING: failed to read mirror side 1 of virtual extent 4 logical extent 0 of 
file 313 in group [2.1286527068] from disk DATADG_0000  allocation unit 6925 reason error; 
if possible, will try another mirror side
Thu Mar 08 16:17:08 2018
WARNING: Read Failed. group:2 disk:0 AU:6921 offset:16384 size:16384
WARNING: failed to read mirror side 1 of virtual extent 0 logical extent 0 
of file 313 in group [2.1286527068] from disk DATADG_0000  allocation unit 6921 reason error;
 if possible, will try another mirror side
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_lmon_21091.trc:
ORA-00202: control file: '+DATADG/testdb/controlfile/current.313.970157461'
ORA-15081: failed to submit an I/O operation to a disk
ORA-27072: File I/O error
Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 56729696
Additional information: -1
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_lgwr_21111.trc:
ORA-00202: control file: '+DATADG/testdb/controlfile/current.313.970157461'
ORA-15081: failed to submit an I/O operation to a disk
ORA-27072: File I/O error
Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 56696864
Additional information: -1
Thu Mar 08 16:17:08 2018
WARNING: Write Failed. group:1 disk:0 AU:56970 offset:65536 size:16384
WARNING: Write Failed. group:2 disk:0 AU:6921 offset:65536 size:16384
…………
WARNING: failed to write mirror side 1 of virtual extent 147 logical extent 
0 of file 335 in group 2 on disk 0 allocation unit 11789
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_dbw0_21109.trc:
ORA-15080: synchronous I/O operation to a disk failed
ORA-27061: waiting for async I/Os failed
Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: -1
Additional information: 8192
WARNING: failed to write mirror side 1 of virtual extent 147 logical extent 
0 of file 335 in group 2 on disk 0 allocation unit 11789
KCF: read, write or open error, block=0xddec online=1
        file=18 '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.333.970157833'
        error=15081 txt: ''
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_dbw0_21109.trc:
Thu Mar 08 16:17:09 2018
System state dump requested by (instance=2, osid=21113 (CKPT)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_diag_21081_20180308161709.trc
Thu Mar 08 16:17:09 2018
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Thu Mar 08 16:17:12 2018
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Instance terminated by CKPT, pid = 21113

asm日志报错信息，主要也是体现在io的读写错误上Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error

Thu Mar 08 16:17:20 2018
Errors in file /oracle/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_9636.trc:
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATADG/testdb/spfiletestdb.ora
ORA-15001: diskgroup "DATADG" does not exist or is not mounted
Thu Mar 08 16:17:37 2018
WARNING: Write Failed. group:3 disk:0 AU:1 offset:4190208 size:4096
Thu Mar 08 16:17:37 2018
WARNING: Write Failed. group:3 disk:0 AU:22 offset:143360 size:4096
Errors in file /oracle/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_20679.trc:
ORA-15080: synchronous I/O operation to a disk failed
ORA-27072: File I/O error
Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 180504
Additional information: -1
WARNING: Hbeat write to PST disk 0.3916310704 in group 3 failed. [4]
WARNING: failed to write mirror side 1 of virtual extent 0 logical extent 0 
of file 255 in group 3 on disk 0 allocation unit 22
Errors in file /oracle/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_20679.trc:
ORA-15081: failed to submit an I/O operation to a disk
ORA-27072: File I/O error
Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 180504
Additional information: -1
Thu Mar 08 16:17:37 2018
NOTE: process _b001_+asm2 (9546) initiating offline of 
disk 0.3916310704 (OCRDG_0000) with mask 0x7e in group 3
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 3, dsk = 0/0xe96e28b0, mask = 0x6a, op = clear
GMON updating disk modes for group 3 at 15 for pid 27, osid 9546
ERROR: no read quorum in group: required 1, found 0 disks
Thu Mar 08 16:17:37 2018
NOTE: cache dismounting (not clean) group 3/0x4CAED85D (OCRDG)
WARNING: Offline for disk OCRDG_0000 in mode 0x7f failed.
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 9505, image: oracle@dbtest02 (B000)
Thu Mar 08 16:17:37 2018
NOTE: halting all I/Os to diskgroup 3 (OCRDG)
Thu Mar 08 16:17:37 2018
NOTE: LGWR doing non-clean dismount of group 3 (OCRDG)
NOTE: LGWR sync ABA=11.6 last written ABA 11.6
WARNING: Write Failed. group:3 disk:0 AU:22 offset:102400 size:4096
Errors in file /oracle/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_20679.trc:
ORA-15080: synchronous I/O operation to a disk failed
ORA-27072: File I/O error
Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 180424
Additional information: -1
WARNING: failed to write mirror side 1 of virtual extent 0 logical extent 
0 of file 255 in group 3 on disk 0 allocation unit 22
Errors in file /oracle/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_20679.trc:
ORA-15081: failed to submit an I/O operation to a disk
ORA-27072: File I/O error
Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 180424
Additional information: -1
WARNING: Write Failed. group:3 disk:0 AU:22 offset:147456 size:4096
Errors in file /oracle/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_20679.trc:
ORA-15080: synchronous I/O operation to a disk failed
ORA-27072: File I/O error
…………
Thu Mar 08 16:17:37 2018
ERROR: -9(Error 27061, OS Error (Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: -1
Additional information: 512)
)

ERROR: -9(Error 27061, OS Error (Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: -1
Additional information: 512)
)
ERROR: -9(Error 27061, OS Error (Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: -1
Additional information: 512)
)

存储恢复之后，asm mount磁盘组没有报任何错误

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP ALL MOUNT /* asm agent call crs *//* {0:0:2} */
NOTE: Diskgroups listed in ASM_DISKGROUPS are
         ARCHDG
         DATADG
NOTE: Diskgroup used for Voting files is:
         OCRDG
Diskgroup with spfile:OCRDG
Diskgroup used for OCR is:OCRDG
NOTE: cache registered group ARCHDG number=1 incarn=0xb81889ff
NOTE: cache began mount (first) of group ARCHDG number=1 incarn=0xb81889ff
NOTE: cache registered group DATADG number=2 incarn=0xb8288a00
NOTE: cache began mount (first) of group DATADG number=2 incarn=0xb8288a00
NOTE: cache registered group OCRDG number=3 incarn=0xb8288a01
NOTE: cache began mount (first) of group OCRDG number=3 incarn=0xb8288a01
NOTE: Loaded library: /opt/oracle/extapi/64/asm/orcl/1/libasm.so
NOTE: Assigning number (1,0) to disk (/dev/oracleasm/disks/ARCHDISK01)
NOTE: Assigning number (2,0) to disk (/dev/oracleasm/disks/DATADISK01)
NOTE: Assigning number (3,0) to disk (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCRDISK01)
NOTE: GMON heartbeating for grp 1
GMON querying group 1 at 5 for pid 23, osid 3303
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 1: ARCHDG_0000 path:/dev/oracleasm/disks/ARCHDISK01
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 au 2 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache mounting (first) external redundancy group 1/0xB81889FF (ARCHDG)
* allocate domain 1, invalid = TRUE
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 1
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=1 ckpt=13.6287 group=1 (ARCHDG)
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=2 ckpt=12.7985 group=1 (ARCHDG)
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 1 (ARCHDG) thread=1 ckpt=13.6287
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 1 (ARCHDG) thread=2 ckpt=12.7985
NOTE: cache recovered group 1 to fcn 0.122934
NOTE: redo buffer size is 256 blocks (1053184 bytes)
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (ARCHDG)
Process LGWR (pid 3287) is running at high priority QoS for Exadata I/O
NOTE: LGWR found thread 1 closed at ABA 13.6286
NOTE: LGWR mounted thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (ARCHDG)
NOTE: LGWR opening thread 1 at fcn 0.122934 ABA 14.6287
NOTE: cache mounting group 1/0xB81889FF (ARCHDG) succeeded
NOTE: cache ending mount (success) of group ARCHDG number=1 incarn=0xb81889ff
NOTE: GMON heartbeating for grp 2
GMON querying group 2 at 7 for pid 23, osid 3303
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 2: DATADG_0000 path:/dev/oracleasm/disks/DATADISK01
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 au 2 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache mounting (first) external redundancy group 2/0xB8288A00 (DATADG)
* allocate domain 2, invalid = TRUE
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 2
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=1 ckpt=12.2323 group=2 (DATADG)
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=2 ckpt=11.2681 group=2 (DATADG)
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 2 (DATADG) thread=1 ckpt=12.2326
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 2 (DATADG) thread=2 ckpt=11.2687
NOTE: cache recovered group 2 to fcn 0.21395
NOTE: redo buffer size is 512 blocks (2101760 bytes)
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for diskgroup 2 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR found thread 1 closed at ABA 12.2325
NOTE: LGWR mounted thread 1 for diskgroup 2 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR opening thread 1 at fcn 0.21395 ABA 13.2326
NOTE: cache mounting group 2/0xB8288A00 (DATADG) succeeded
NOTE: cache ending mount (success) of group DATADG number=2 incarn=0xb8288a00
NOTE: GMON heartbeating for grp 3
GMON querying group 3 at 9 for pid 23, osid 3303
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 3: OCRDG_0000 path:/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCRDISK01
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 au 2 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache mounting (first) external redundancy group 3/0xB8288A01 (OCRDG)
* allocate domain 3, invalid = TRUE
Thu Mar 08 17:00:24 2018
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 3
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=1 ckpt=13.55 group=3 (OCRDG)
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=2 ckpt=11.7 group=3 (OCRDG)
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 3 (OCRDG) thread=1 ckpt=13.55
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 3 (OCRDG) thread=2 ckpt=11.7
NOTE: cache recovered group 3 to fcn 0.851
NOTE: redo buffer size is 512 blocks (2101760 bytes)
Thu Mar 08 17:00:24 2018
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for diskgroup 3 (OCRDG)
NOTE: LGWR found thread 1 closed at ABA 13.54
NOTE: LGWR mounted thread 1 for diskgroup 3 (OCRDG)
NOTE: LGWR opening thread 1 at fcn 0.851 ABA 14.55
NOTE: cache mounting group 3/0xB8288A01 (OCRDG) succeeded
NOTE: cache ending mount (success) of group OCRDG number=3 incarn=0xb8288a01
Thu Mar 08 17:00:24 2018
NOTE: Instance updated compatible.asm to 11.2.0.0.0 for grp 1
SUCCESS: diskgroup ARCHDG was mounted
NOTE: Instance updated compatible.asm to 11.2.0.0.0 for grp 2
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATADG was mounted
NOTE: Instance updated compatible.asm to 11.2.0.0.0 for grp 3
SUCCESS: diskgroup OCRDG was mounted
SUCCESS: ALTER DISKGROUP ALL MOUNT /* asm agent call crs *//* {0:0:2} */

数据库虽然启动成功了,但是大量的坏块生产ORA-01578，ORA-01110

ALTER DATABASE OPEN /* db agent *//* {2:40834:2} */
This instance was first to open
Beginning crash recovery of 2 threads
 parallel recovery started with 7 processes
Started redo scan
Completed redo scan
 read 107566 KB redo, 10569 data blocks need recovery
Started redo application at
 Thread 1: logseq 767, block 101851
 Thread 2: logseq 486, block 91861
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 767 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: +DATADG/testdb/onlinelog/group_1.314.970157463
  Mem# 1: +ARCHDG/testdb/onlinelog/group_1.614.970157463
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 2 Group 4 Seq 486 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: +DATADG/testdb/onlinelog/group_4.319.970157561
  Mem# 1: +ARCHDG/testdb/onlinelog/group_4.617.970157561
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 768 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: +DATADG/testdb/onlinelog/group_2.315.970157463
  Mem# 1: +ARCHDG/testdb/onlinelog/group_2.615.970157463
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 2 Group 3 Seq 487 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: +DATADG/testdb/onlinelog/group_3.318.970157559
  Mem# 1: +ARCHDG/testdb/onlinelog/group_3.616.970157559
Thu Mar 08 17:01:11 2018
Hex dump of (file 12, block 126469) in trace file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_p001_4090.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0301ee05 (file 12, block 126469)
Fractured block found during crash/instance recovery
Data in bad block:
 type: 32 format: 2 rdba: 0x0301ee05
 last change scn: 0x0000.00446cbb seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xeac22001
 check value in block header: 0xbd0c
 computed block checksum: 0x8679
Reading datafile '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.327.970157825' for corruption at rdba: 0x0301ee05 (file 12, block 126469)
Reread (file 12, block 126469) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Completed redo application of 84.56MB
Completed crash recovery at
 Thread 1: logseq 768, block 102395, scn 4586960
 Thread 2: logseq 487, block 101664, scn 4587050
 10569 data blocks read, 10569 data blocks written, 107566 redo k-bytes read
ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Thu Mar 08 17:01:12 2018
ARC0 started with pid=43, OS id=4151
Thu Mar 08 17:01:13 2018
ARC0: Archival started
ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Thu Mar 08 17:01:13 2018
ARC1 started with pid=44, OS id=4153
Thu Mar 08 17:01:13 2018
ARC2 started with pid=45, OS id=4155
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
Thu Mar 08 17:01:13 2018
ARC3 started with pid=46, OS id=4157
ARC1: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
ARC2: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 769 (thread recovery)
Picked broadcast on commit scheme to generate SCNs
Thu Mar 08 17:01:13 2018
Thread 2 advanced to log sequence 488 (thread open)
Thread 2 opened at log sequence 488
  Current log# 4 seq# 488 mem# 0: +DATADG/testdb/onlinelog/group_4.319.970157561
  Current log# 4 seq# 488 mem# 1: +ARCHDG/testdb/onlinelog/group_4.617.970157561
Successful open of redo thread 2
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Thu Mar 08 17:01:13 2018
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Archived Log entry 1249 added for thread 2 sequence 487 ID 0xa41f5c11 dest 1:
[4046] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:4294332240 end:4294332460 diff:220 (2 seconds)
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is AL32UTF8
No Resource Manager plan active
Starting background process GTX0
Thu Mar 08 17:01:14 2018
GTX0 started with pid=55, OS id=4181
Starting background process RCBG
Thu Mar 08 17:01:14 2018
RCBG started with pid=57, OS id=4185
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
Thu Mar 08 17:01:14 2018
QMNC started with pid=61, OS id=4195
Thu Mar 08 17:01:15 2018
Hex dump of (file 9, block 43523) in trace file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_p009_4175.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0240aa03 (file 9, block 43523)
Fractured block found during buffer read
Data in bad block:
 type: 32 format: 2 rdba: 0x0240aa03
 last change scn: 0x0000.0044ccc4 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xd94f2001
 check value in block header: 0xb09c
 computed block checksum: 0x158b
Reading datafile '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.324.970157821' for corruption at rdba: 0x0240aa03 (file 9, block 43523)
Reread (file 9, block 43523) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_p009_4175.trc  (incident=216418):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 9, block # 43523)
ORA-01110: data file 9: '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.324.970157821'
Incident details in: /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/incident/incdir_216418/testdb2_p009_4175_i216418.trc
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
Thu Mar 08 17:01:15 2018
Hex dump of (file 14, block 71173) in trace file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_p003_4094.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x03811605 (file 14, block 71173)
Fractured block found during buffer read
Data in bad block:
 type: 32 format: 2 rdba: 0x03811605
 last change scn: 0x0000.0043916d seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x93662001
 check value in block header: 0xad98
 computed block checksum: 0x20b
Reading datafile '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.329.970157831' for corruption at rdba: 0x03811605 (file 14, block 71173)
Reread (file 14, block 71173) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_p003_4094.trc  (incident=216306):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 14, block # 71173)
ORA-01110: data file 14: '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.329.970157831'
Incident details in: /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/incident/incdir_216306/testdb2_p003_4094_i216306.trc
Hex dump of (file 12, block 112385) in trace file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_smon_4005.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0301b701 (file 12, block 112385)
Fractured block found during buffer read
Data in bad block:
 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x0301b701
 last change scn: 0x0000.003cb146 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x1d030601
 check value in block header: 0x1e62
 computed block checksum: 0x7a47
Reading datafile '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.327.970157825' for corruption at rdba: 0x0301b701 (file 12, block 112385)
Reread (file 12, block 112385) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_smon_4005.trc  (incident=216170):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 12, block # 112385)
ORA-01110: data file 12: '+DATADG/testdb/datafile/soe.327.970157825'
Incident details in: /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/incident/incdir_216170/testdb2_smon_4005_i216170.trc
Errors in file /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/trace/testdb2_p003_4094.trc  (incident=216307):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # , block # )
Incident details in: /oracle/app/db/diag/rdbms/testdb/testdb2/incident/incdir_216307/testdb2_p003_4094_i216307.trc
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN /* db agent *//* {2:40834:2} */

rman 检查坏块信息，发现有大量坏块，而且主要坏块类型是FRACTURED(折断)

SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;

     FILE#     BLOCK#	  BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
	12     126469	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     112385	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	14	71173	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 9	43523	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	15	44801	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	15	44855	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	15	44862	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	11	56252	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     116481	       1		  0 CHECKSUM
	12     116535	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	15	46903	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     108289	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     108343	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8	95872	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8	99712	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     102783	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     104974	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     105856	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     105998	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     109120	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     110016	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     110092	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     116226	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     116231	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     119295	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 8     130559	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     113163	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     118283	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     119553	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     119608	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     120576	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     120632	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     120639	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	12     123407	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 9	38411	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 9	67647	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 9     109068	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 9     109070	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	11	99839	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	11     104960	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13	63214	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13	65097	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13	71183	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13	77319	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13     103104	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13     107072	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13     110082	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13     111106	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	13     114752	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	14	72196	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	14	75275	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 7	76293	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 7	76296	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 7	76415	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 7	76864	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	15	49976	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	15	81413	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	 2	61512	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	19	35338	       1		  0 FRACTURED
	19	42687	       1		  0 FRACTURED

60 rows selected.

对比实验室和客户环境配置
实验室环境

[oracle@i-q2ghx82t ~]$ more /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m


SQL> select path from v$asm_disk;

PATH
----------------------------------------
/dev/asm-disk011
/dev/asm-disk001
/dev/asm-disk014
/dev/asm-disk002
/dev/asm-disk003
/dev/asm-disk015
/dev/asm-disk012
/dev/asm-disk013

8 rows selected.


[root@i-q2ghx82t ~]# fdisk -l|grep vd
Disk /dev/vda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
/dev/vda1   *           1       13055   104856576   83  Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes
Disk /dev/vdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
Disk /dev/vdd: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes
/dev/vdd1               1       32635   262140606   83  Linux
Disk /dev/vde: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes
Disk /dev/vdf: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
/dev/vdf1               1      104025    52428568+  83  Linux
Disk /dev/vdg: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
Disk /dev/vdh: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes
Disk /dev/vdi: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
Disk /dev/vdj: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes
Disk /dev/vdk: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes
Disk /dev/vdl: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes

[oracle@i-q2ghx82t ~]$ ls -l /dev/asm-*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk001 -> vdg
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk002 -> vdc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk003 -> vdi
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk011 -> vde
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk012 -> vdh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk013 -> vdl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk014 -> vdj
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 10 17:05 /dev/asm-disk015 -> vdk

[root@i-q2ghx82t ~]# fdisk -l /dev/vdj

Disk /dev/vdj: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080507 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

客户环境

[oracle@dbtest02 ~]$ more /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 (Santiago)
Kernel \r on an \m


SQL> select path from v$asm_disk;

PATH
----------------------------------------
/dev/oracleasm/disks/ARCHDISK01
/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCRDISK01
/dev/oracleasm/disks/DATADISK01

[root@dbtest02 ~]# oracleasm listdisks
ARCHDISK01
DATADISK01
OCRDISK01

[root@dbtest02 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -p DATADISK01
Disk "DATADISK01" is a valid ASM disk
/dev/vdc1: LABEL="DATADISK01" TYPE="oracleasm"
[root@dbtest02 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -p ARCHDISK01
Disk "ARCHDISK01" is a valid ASM disk
/dev/vde1: LABEL="ARCHDISK01" TYPE="oracleasm" 
[root@dbtest02 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -p OCRDISK01
Disk "OCRDISK01" is a valid ASM disk
/dev/vdd1: LABEL="OCRDISK01" TYPE="oracleasm"

[root@dbtest02 ~]# fdisk -l|grep vd
Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
/dev/vda1               1        6528    52427776   83  Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes
Disk /dev/vdc: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes
/dev/vdc1               1     2080507  1048575496+  83  Linux
Disk /dev/vdd: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
/dev/vdd1               1      208050   104857168+  83  Linux
Disk /dev/vde: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
/dev/vde1               1     1040253   524287480+  83  Linux
Disk /dev/vdf: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes
/dev/vdf1               1     1664406   838860592+  83  Linux

[root@dbtest02 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/vdf

Disk /dev/vdf: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1664406 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1bdbf439

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdf1               1     1664406   838860592+  83  Linux
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

这里比较明显:1)实验室环境使用的是udev,而客户环境使用的是asmlib.2)客户环境使用了分区,而实验室环境直接使用裸盘.

尝试在实验室环境使用asmlib

[root@i-q2ghx82t tmp]# ls -l *oracleasm*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36288 Mar 10 13:09 kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17168 Mar 10 13:09 oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74984 Mar 10 13:09 oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@i-q2ghx82t tmp]# rpm -ivh kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64.rpm 
warning: kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:kmod-oracleasm         ########################################### [100%]
[root@i-q2ghx82t tmp]# rpm -ivh oracleasm*.rpm
warning: oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:oracleasm-support      ########################################### [ 50%]
   2:oracleasmlib           ########################################### [100%]
[root@i-q2ghx82t tmp]# 
[root@i-q2ghx82t tmp]# rpm -aq|grep oracleasm
kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64
oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el6.x86_64
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64
[root@i-q2ghx82t dev]# oracleasm createdisk ASMVDL /dev/vdl
Device "/dev/vdl" is not a partition

测试比较明显，对于没有分区的分布式存储中的盘,无法直接被asmlib创建asm disk.如果要使用asmlib,需要对磁盘进行分区.

存储特征
通过咨询分布式存储开发,确认几点:
0. 整个存储是基于网络技术实现分布式存储内部数据同步
1. 整个分布式存储使用ssd卡,默认三副本
2. 三副本中有两个副本写入成功才会反馈给应用(数据库),io成功
3. 整个分布式存储，没有引入任何的cache.
4. 存储的最小io单元是4k,由于ssd卡决定的
5. 分布式存储划分出来的lun是自动实现快对齐的

故障原因
由于存储最小单元是4k,但是在os层面物理扇区为4k，逻辑扇区为512，客户为了使用asmlib,对磁盘进行了默认分区,而没有考虑块对齐.会使得在存储整体crash的时候,很多block由于没有块对齐,很可能被进行了拆分(本来一个4k的io，存储上对对应的一个原子io完成，但是现在这个os层面的4k被拆分成了多个io的可能性，使得os层面的4k的io无法有了原则性)，进而使得在数据库主机,存储突发异常的时候,有可能发生坏块.

处理建议
1. 在linux 6开始,对于asmlib,建议使用udev
2. 如果坚持asmlib,分区的时候考虑块对齐,不然会出现较大的性能下降,而且还会引起坏块的风险

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