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标签归档:pg恢复
PostgreSQL恢复系列:pg_filedump基本使用
当PostgreSQL遇到重大故障,使用各种方法都无法直接启动数据库,可以考虑使用类似oracle dul工具,直接离线方式读取文件进行恢复.这个工具为pg_filedump
pg_filedump安装
[root@xifenfei ~]# yum install pg_filedump_14.x86_64 Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package pg_filedump_14.x86_64 0:14.1-1.rhel7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================== Installing: pg_filedump_14 x86_64 14.1-1.rhel7 pgdg14 43 k Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 43 k Installed size: 81 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: pg_filedump_14-14.1-1.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : pg_filedump_14-14.1-1.rhel7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : pg_filedump_14-14.1-1.rhel7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: pg_filedump_14.x86_64 0:14.1-1.rhel7 Complete! -bash-4.2$ pg_filedump Version 14.1 (for PostgreSQL 8.x .. 14.x) Copyright (c) 2002-2010 Red Hat, Inc. Copyright (c) 2011-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group Usage: pg_filedump [-abcdfhikxy] [-R startblock [endblock]] [-D attrlist] [-S blocksize] [-s segsize] [-n segnumber] file Display formatted contents of a PostgreSQL heap/index/control file Defaults are: relative addressing, range of the entire file, block size as listed on block 0 in the file The following options are valid for heap and index files: -a Display absolute addresses when formatting (Block header information is always block relative) -b Display binary block images within a range (Option will turn off all formatting options) -d Display formatted block content dump (Option will turn off all other formatting options) -D Decode tuples using given comma separated list of types Supported types: bigint bigserial bool char charN date float float4 float8 int json macaddr name numeric oid real serial smallint smallserial text time timestamp timestamptz timetz uuid varchar varcharN xid xml ~ ignores all attributes left in a tuple -f Display formatted block content dump along with interpretation -h Display this information -i Display interpreted item details -k Verify block checksums -o Do not dump old values. -R Display specific block ranges within the file (Blocks are indexed from 0) [startblock]: block to start at [endblock]: block to end at A startblock without an endblock will format the single block -s Force segment size to [segsize] -t Dump TOAST files -v Ouput additional information about TOAST relations -n Force segment number to [segnumber] -S Force block size to [blocksize] -x Force interpreted formatting of block items as index items -y Force interpreted formatting of block items as heap items The following options are valid for control files: -c Interpret the file listed as a control file -f Display formatted content dump along with interpretation -S Force block size to [blocksize] Additional functions: -m Interpret file as pg_filenode.map file and print contents (all other options will be ignored) Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>
创建测试表
-bash-4.2$ psql psql (14.3) Type "help" for help. postgres=# create table pg_xifenfei(id int,name varchar(100)); CREATE TABLE postgres=# insert into pg_xifenfei values(1,'www.xifenfei.com'); INSERT 0 1 postgres=# insert into pg_xifenfei values(2,'xienfei_pg_recovery'); INSERT 0 1 postgres=# select * from pg_xifenfei; id | name ----+--------------------- 1 | www.xifenfei.com 2 | xienfei_pg_recovery (2 rows) postgres=#
pg_filedump恢复数据
-bash-4.2$ pg_filedump /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/base/14487/16384 ******************************************************************* * PostgreSQL File/Block Formatted Dump Utility * * File: /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/base/14487/16384 * Options used: None ******************************************************************* Block 0 ******************************************************** <Header> ----- Block Offset: 0x00000000 Offsets: Lower 32 (0x0020) Block: Size 8192 Version 4 Upper 8096 (0x1fa0) LSN: logid 0 recoff 0x16299cf0 Special 8192 (0x2000) Items: 2 Free Space: 8064 Checksum: 0x0000 Prune XID: 0x00000000 Flags: 0x0000 () Length (including item array): 32 <Data> ----- Item 1 -- Length: 45 Offset: 8144 (0x1fd0) Flags: NORMAL Item 2 -- Length: 48 Offset: 8096 (0x1fa0) Flags: NORMAL *** End of File Encountered. Last Block Read: 0 *** -bash-4.2$ pg_filedump -D int,charn /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/base/14487/16384|grep COPY COPY: 1 www.xifenfei.com COPY: 2 xienfei_pg_recovery -bash-4.2$ pg_filedump -D int,charn /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/base/14487/16384|grep COPY > |awk '{$1=null;print $0}'>/tmp/pg_xifenfei_rec -bash-4.2$ sed -i 's/^[ ]*//g' /tmp/pg_xifenfei_rec
导入数据验证
postgres=# truncate table pg_xifenfei; TRUNCATE TABLE postgres=# select * from pg_xifenfei; id | name ----+------ (0 rows) postgres=# copy pg_xifenfei from '/tmp/pg_xifenfei_rec'(DELIMITER ' '); COPY 2 postgres=# select * from pg_xifenfei; id | name ----+--------------------- 1 | www.xifenfei.com 2 | xienfei_pg_recovery (2 rows)
通过上述简单测试证明,在PG数据库出现极端情况下,可以使用该方法进行最后的数据恢复,减少因为数据丢失带来的损失.