分类目录归档：操作系统

Solaris rm datafile recovery—利用句柄误删除数据文件恢复

发表于 2016 年 3 月 13 日由惜分飞

今天早上接到有客户恢复请求，他一不小心在solaris系统中使用rm -rf oradata命令把一个分区下面的所有数据文件全部删除了。现在不知道怎么办,请求我们给予支持.上去检查发现比较幸运,数据库没有crash,看来直接考虑使用句柄进行恢复

root@CNISORCLSVR # uname -a
SunOS CNISORCLSVR 5.9 Generic_112233-08 sun4u sparc SUNW,Sun-Fire-880
root@CNISORCLSVR # ps -ef|grep lgwr   
  oracle   597     1  0   Mar 05 ?       17:14 ora_lgwr_xifenfei
    root 28069 28043  0 18:51:17 pts/2    0:00 grep lgwr
root@CNISORCLSVR # ls -ltr
total 189348454
-r--r--r--   1 oracle   dba       657920 Apr 26  2002 12
c---------   1 root     sys       13, 12 Mar 27  2004 8
c---------   1 root     sys       13, 12 Mar 27  2004 10
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      34359730176 Nov 12  2013 291
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      1073750016 Nov 13  2013 293
D---------   1 root     root           0 Mar  5 19:31 11
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba         1758 Mar  5 22:04 9
-rw-rw----   1 oracle   dba           24 Mar  5 22:04 13
s---------   0 root     root           0 Mar  8 00:45 14
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      1887444992 Mar 12 03:27 289
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      943726592 Mar 12 11:17 290
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      4294975488 Mar 13 00:09 292
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      268443648 Mar 13 01:33 288
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      536879104 Mar 13 01:33 279
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      134225920 Mar 13 01:33 278
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      134225920 Mar 13 01:33 269
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      268443648 Mar 13 01:33 267
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      148119552 Mar 13 01:33 266
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      10493952 Mar 13 01:33 265
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      26222592 Mar 13 01:33 264
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      62922752 Mar 13 01:33 263
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      20979712 Mar 13 01:33 262
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      134225920 Mar 13 01:33 287
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      209723392 Mar 13 01:33 285
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      536879104 Mar 13 01:33 283
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      67117056 Mar 13 01:33 282
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      536879104 Mar 13 01:33 281
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      536879104 Mar 13 01:33 280
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      536879104 Mar 13 01:33 276
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      1073750016 Mar 13 01:33 275
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      2214600704 Mar 13 01:33 274
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      134225920 Mar 13 01:33 273
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      536879104 Mar 13 01:33 272
c---------   1 root     sys       13,  2 Mar 13 02:00 5
c---------   1 root     sys       13,  2 Mar 13 02:00 4
c---------   1 root     sys       13,  2 Mar 13 02:00 3
c---------   1 root     sys       13,  2 Mar 13 02:00 2
c---------   1 root     sys       13,  2 Mar 13 02:00 1
c---------   1 root     sys       13,  2 Mar 13 02:00 0
--w-------   1 oracle   dba      4640842 Mar 13 04:43 7
--w-------   1 oracle   dba      4640842 Mar 13 04:43 6
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      1207967744 Mar 13 18:21 271
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      15929974784 Mar 13 18:39 284
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      134225920 Mar 13 18:45 277
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      2122326016 Mar 13 18:46 286
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      9261031424 Mar 13 18:47 270
-rw-r-----   0 oracle   dba      18253619200 Mar 13 18:47 268
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      134225920 Mar 13 18:51 261
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      524296192 Mar 13 18:51 260
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      104858112 Mar 13 18:52 259
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      1941504 Mar 13 18:52 258
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      1941504 Mar 13 18:52 257
-rw-r-----   1 oracle   dba      1941504 Mar 13 18:52 256

SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile wehre name like '/disk%';

     FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         9 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/xifenfei.dbf
        10 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/CSSN.dbf
        11 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/NCSSN.dbf
        12 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/CSIC_RDS.dbf
        13 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/CSIC_CSSN.dbf
        14 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/CNIS_I.dbf
        15 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/CNIS.dbf
        16 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/TRSWCM6_CSSN.dbf
        17 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/TRSWCM6_CSSN_PLUGINS.dbf
        18 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/DIGIREF.dbf
        20 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/TRSWCM.dbf
        21 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/TRSWCM52_NSLC.dbf
        22 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/TRSWCM52_PLUGINS_NSLC.dbf
        24 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/TRSWCM_PLUGINS.dbf
        25 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/CNIS_ALL.dbf
        27 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/undotbs01.dbf
        28 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/TRS_IDS02.dbf
        29 /disk/oradata/xifenfei/xdb02.dbf

在solaris中比较郁闷,虽然进入了fd目录,但是无法知道哪些文件句柄是删除,哪些是正常的,因此没有办法，只能使用lsof进一步分析

root@CNISORCLSVR # pkgadd -d lsof-4.80-sol9-sparc-local

The following packages are available:
  1  IBMlsof     lsof
                 (sparc) 4.80

Select package(s) you wish to process (or 'all' to process
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]: all

Processing package instance <IBMlsof> from </tmp/lsof-4.80-sol9-sparc-local>

lsof
(sparc) 4.80
Vic Abell
Using </usr/local> as the package base directory.
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.

The following files are already installed on the system and are being
used by another package:
* /usr/local/bin <attribute change only>

* - conflict with a file which does not belong to any package.

Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] y
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

The following files are being installed with setuid and/or setgid
permissions:
 /usr/local/bin/lsof <setgid sys>
 /usr/local/bin/sparcv7/lsof <setgid sys>
 /usr/local/bin/sparcv9/lsof <setgid sys>

Do you want to install these as setuid/setgid files [y,n,?,q] y

Installing lsof as <IBMlsof>

## Installing part 1 of 1.
/usr/local/bin/lsof
/usr/local/bin/sparcv7/lsof
/usr/local/bin/sparcv9/lsof
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00.README.FIRST
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00CREDITS
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00DCACHE
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00DIALECTS
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00DIST
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00FAQ
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00LSOF-L
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00MANIFEST
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00PORTING
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00QUICKSTART
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00README
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00TEST
/usr/local/doc/lsof/00XCONFIG
/usr/local/doc/lsof/lsof.man
/usr/local/man/man8/lsof.8
[ verifying class <none> ]

Installation of <IBMlsof> was successful.

root@CNISORCLSVR # ./lsof -p 597
COMMAND PID   USER   FD   TYPE        DEVICE    SIZE/OFF   NODE NAME
oracle  597 oracle  cwd   VDIR          85,5        2048 106299 /export/home/oracle/app/product/9.2.0/dbs
oracle  597 oracle  txt   VREG          85,5    61272672   2332 /export/home/oracle/app/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle
…………
oracle  597 oracle  260u  VREG          85,5   524296192 106517 /export/home/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/system01.dbf
oracle  597 oracle  261u  VREG          85,5   134225920 106518 /export/home/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/undotbs01.dbf
…………
oracle  597 oracle  268u  VREG        118,70 18253619200  109 /disk (/dev/dsk/c2t600A0B800029CEFA0000036C491B270Bd0s6)
oracle  597 oracle  269u  VREG        118,70   134225920  110 /disk (/dev/dsk/c2t600A0B800029CEFA0000036C491B270Bd0s6)
oracle  597 oracle  270u  VREG        118,70  9261031424  111 /disk (/dev/dsk/c2t600A0B800029CEFA0000036C491B270Bd0s6)
…………
oracle  597 oracle  293u  VREG        118,70  1073750016   14 /disk (/dev/dsk/c2t600A0B800029CEFA0000036C491B270Bd0s6)

到这一步,基本上定位/disk部分是我们需要恢复的数据,从而可以定位到句柄,然后结合数据文件信息,直接使用cp命令恢复出来文件.然后数据库层面recover并且online.

cd /proc/597/fd
cp 269 /disk/oradata/cnisora2/CSSN.dbf
chown oracle:dba /disk/oradata/xifenfei/CSSN.dbf

SQL> recover datafile 10;
ORA-00283: 恢复会话因错误而取消
ORA-01124: 无法恢复数据文件 10 - 文件在使用中或在恢复中
ORA-01110: 数据文件 10: '/disk/oradata/xifenfei/CSSN.dbf'


SQL> alter database datafile 10 offline;

数据库已更改。

SQL> recover datafile 10;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> alter database datafile 10 online;

数据库已更改。

至此基本上恢复完成,万幸是数据库没有crash,遇到此类问题,千万不要盲目关闭数据库.另外数据库备份重于一切

发表在 Oracle备份恢复, Solaris | 标签为 lsof, rm datafile, rm恢复, solaris | 评论关闭

Linux 7 新命令之—lscpu和systemctl

发表于 2015 年 9 月 3 日由惜分飞

redhat 7 系列发布已经有一段时间了,最近抽时间看了下官方文档,对比了一些命令,对于其中比较关注的进行了记录,本篇主要是列出来了服务的管理改进,引进了systemctl管理和一个非常方便看cpu信息的命令lscpu
系统版本

[root@em12cdb ~]# uname -a
Linux em12cdb 3.8.13-55.1.6.el7uek.x86_64 #2 SMP Wed Feb 11 14:18:22 PST 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@em12cdb ~]# more /etc/oracle-release 
Oracle Linux Server release 7.1

查看cpu信息

[root@em12cdb ~]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                2
On-line CPU(s) list:   0,1
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    2
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 60
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790K CPU @ 4.00GHz
Stepping:              3
CPU MHz:               3997.739
BogoMIPS:              7995.47
Hypervisor vendor:     VMware
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              8192K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0,1

systemctl命令管理服务和开机启动
以前主要是通过/etc/init.d/或者service命令管理服务,通过chkconfig管理是否开机启动

--查看某个服务状态
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl status crond.service
crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2015-07-27 11:59:16 CST; 1 months 7 days ago
 Main PID: 1245 (crond)
   CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service
           â””â”€1245 /usr/sbin/crond -n

Jul 27 11:59:16 em12cdb systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.
Jul 27 11:59:16 em12cdb crond[1245]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 33% if used.)
Jul 27 11:59:17 em12cdb crond[1245]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)

--停止某个服务
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl stop crond.service
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl status crond.service
crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2015-09-03 00:27:55 CST; 2s ago
 Main PID: 1245 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Jul 27 11:59:16 em12cdb systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.
Jul 27 11:59:16 em12cdb crond[1245]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 33% if used.)
Jul 27 11:59:17 em12cdb crond[1245]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)
Sep 03 00:27:55 em12cdb systemd[1]: Stopping Command Scheduler...
Sep 03 00:27:55 em12cdb systemd[1]: Stopped Command Scheduler.

--启动某个服务
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl start crond.service
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl status crond.service
crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2015-09-03 00:28:08 CST; 1s ago
 Main PID: 7294 (crond)
   CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service
           â””â”€7294 /usr/sbin/crond -n

Sep 03 00:28:08 em12cdb systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.
Sep 03 00:28:08 em12cdb crond[7294]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 56% if used.)
Sep 03 00:28:09 em12cdb crond[7294]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)
Sep 03 00:28:09 em12cdb crond[7294]: (CRON) INFO (@reboot jobs will be run at computer's startup.)

--重启某个服务
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl restart crond.service
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl status crond.service
crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2015-09-03 00:28:24 CST; 2s ago
 Main PID: 7323 (crond)
   CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service
           â””â”€7323 /usr/sbin/crond -n

Sep 03 00:28:24 em12cdb systemd[1]: Starting Command Scheduler...
Sep 03 00:28:24 em12cdb systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.
Sep 03 00:28:24 em12cdb crond[7323]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 61% if used.)
Sep 03 00:28:24 em12cdb crond[7323]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)
Sep 03 00:28:24 em12cdb crond[7323]: (CRON) INFO (@reboot jobs will be run at computer's startup.)

--检查某个服务是否开机启动
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl is-enabled crond.service
enabled

--禁止某个服务开机启动
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl disable crond.service 
rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/crond.service'
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl is-enabled crond.service
disabled

--查看所有服务开机启动情况(这里使用了grep便于说明)
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl list-unit-files --type service|grep cron
crond.service                               disabled
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl enable crond.service 
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/crond.service'
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl list-unit-files --type service|grep cron
crond.service                               enabled

systemctl chkconfig 对比

systemctl命令修改启动模式
以前版本中,直接通过vi修改/etc/inittab文件

--多用户图形界面
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl get-default
graphical.target

--多用户字符界面
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
rm '/etc/systemd/system/default.target'
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target' '/etc/systemd/system/default.target'
[root@em12cdb ~]# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target

systemd runlevel

发表在 Linux | 标签为 lscpu, systemctl | 评论关闭

通过Administration Assistant for Windows配置win服务和实例关联性

发表于 2015 年 4 月 20 日由惜分飞

在一些win系统的Oracle数据库中,大家都知道,Oracle启动前需要先启动服务,但是偶尔还有这两种需求:
1. 启动Oracle实例服务,但是不想启动数据库实例(特别是在有些情况下,数据库因为某种错误一启动到open直接报错,可能导致系统僵死
2. 在主机关闭或者服务关闭(重启)之时,希望数据库能够正常关闭后,而不是直接终止实例.
由于win平台的特殊性,Oracle也对其进行了特殊处理,提供了专门的工具(Administration Assistant for Windows)处理此类问题:
启动Administration Assistant for Windows