分类目录归档：数据库

bbed恢复删除数据

发表于 2011 年 8 月 29 日 由 惜分飞

一、创建模拟环境
SQL> create table hr.xifenfei (id number,name varchar2(20)) tablespace xff;

Table created.

SQL> insert into hr.xifenfei values(1,’xifenfei’);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into hr.xifenfei values(2,’xff’);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from hr.xifenfei;

ID NAME
———- ——————–
1 xifenfei
2 xff

SQL> select rowid,
2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid)rel_fno,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)blockno,
4 dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
5 from hr.xifenfei;

ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO
—————— ———- ———- ———-
AAAHy3AACAAAAISAAA 2 530 0
AAAHy3AACAAAAISAAB 2 530 1
查询file#，block，后面恢复要用

SQL> delete from hr.xifenfei where id=2;

1 row deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from hr.xifenfei;

ID NAME
———- ——————–
1 xifenfei

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

二、bbed恢复删除数据
[oracle@localhost ~]$ bbed parfile=/tmp/parfile.cnf
Password:

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 – Limited Production on Mon Aug 22 01:52:52 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> show all
FILE# 2
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 0
DBA 0×00800001 (8388609 2,1)
FILENAME /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf
BIFILE bifile.bbd
LISTFILE /tmp/list
BLOCKSIZE 8192
MODE Edit
EDIT Unrecoverable
IBASE Dec
OBASE Dec
WIDTH 80
COUNT 512
LOGFILE log.bbd
SPOOL No

BBED> set dba 2,530
DBA 0×00800212 (8389138 2,530)

BBED> find /c xff
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 530 Offsets: 8170 to 8191 Dba:0×00800212
————————————————————————
7866662c 000202c1 02087869 66656e66 65690106 80e2

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> dump /v
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 530 Offsets: 8170 to 8191 Dba:0×00800212
——————————————————-
7866662c 000202c1 02087869 66656e66 l xff,……xifenf
65690106 80e2 l ei….

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> dump /v offset 8160
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 530 Offsets: 8160 to 8191 Dba:0×00800212
——————————————————-
0000003c 020202c1 03037866 662c0002 l …<......xff,.. 02c10208 78696665 6e666569 010680e2 l ....xifenfei.... <16 bytes per line>

BBED> dump /v offset 8164
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 530 Offsets: 8164 to 8191 Dba:0×00800212
——————————————————-
020202c1 03037866 662c0002 02c10208 l ……xff,……
78696665 6e666569 010680e2 l xifenfei….

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> dump /v offset 8162
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 530 Offsets: 8162 to 8191 Dba:0×00800212
——————————————————-
003c0202 02c10303 7866662c 000202c1 l .<......xff,.... 02087869 66656e66 65690106 80e2 l ..xifenfei.... <16 bytes per line>

BBED> dump /v offset 8163
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 530 Offsets: 8163 to 8191 Dba:0×00800212
——————————————————-
3c020202 c1030378 66662c00 0202c102 l <......xff,..... 08786966 656e6665 69010680 e2 l .xifenfei.... <16 bytes per line>
通过尝试，推断出来3c的offset

BBED> modify /x 2c
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 530 Offsets: 8163 to 8191 Dba:0×00800212
————————————————————————
2c020202 c1030378 66662c00 0202c102 08786966 656e6665 69010680 e2

<32 bytes per line>
修改3c为2c

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 2, Block 530:
current = 0xb1b9, required = 0xb1b9

三、核对结果
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from hr.xifenfei;

ID NAME
———- ——————–
1 xifenfei
2 xff

说明：
1）如果数据未删除：row flag的值为 32+8+4=44或者0x2c
2）如果数据被删除：row flag的值为 32+16+8+4=60或者0x3c

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监控Index注意事项

发表于 2011 年 8 月 29 日 由 惜分飞

1、监控语句
ALTER INDEX owner.index_name MONITORING USAGE;

2、查看监控情况
select * from v$object_usage;

3、使用sys用户无法查询到监控对象问题解决
3.1）查询建立v$object_usage的语句

CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW v$object_usage (index_name,
table_name,
MONITORING,
used,
start_monitoring,
end_monitoring
)
AS
SELECT io.NAME, t.NAME, DECODE (BITAND (i.flags, 65536), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),
DECODE (BITAND (ou.flags, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES'), ou.start_monitoring,
ou.end_monitoring
FROM SYS.obj$ io, SYS.obj$ t, SYS.ind$ i, SYS.object_usage ou
WHERE io.owner# = USERENV ('SCHEMAID')
AND i.obj# = ou.obj#
AND io.obj# = ou.obj#
AND t.obj# = i.bo#;

3.2）从该语句中发现，只有当前用户才可以查询到index的监控情况，即使sys也不能查看到

3.3）解决sys可以查询到index监控情况可以除掉io.owner# = USERENV (‘SCHEMAID’)即可

SELECT *
  FROM (SELECT USERNAME OWNER,
               IO.NAME INDEX_NAME,
               T.NAME TABLE_NAME,
               DECODE(BITAND(I.FLAGS, 65536), 0, 'NO', 'YES') MONITORING,
               DECODE(BITAND(OU.FLAGS, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES') USED,
               OU.START_MONITORING START_MONITORING,
               OU.END_MONITORING END_MONITORING
          FROM SYS.OBJ$         IO,
               SYS.OBJ$         T,
               SYS.IND$         I,
               SYS.OBJECT_USAGE OU,
               DBA_USERS        U
         WHERE I.OBJ# = OU.OBJ#
           AND IO.OBJ# = OU.OBJ#
           AND T.OBJ# = I.BO#
           AND U.USER_ID = IO.OWNER#)
--USED='YES'--表示有使用
--USED='NO'--表示没使用
 WHERE USED = 'YES';

如果想查询方便，可以创建sys下面的下个视图

4、停止监控
ALTER INDEX owner.index_name NOMONITORING USAGE;

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bbed修改数据内容

发表于 2011 年 8 月 28 日 由 惜分飞
1、创建模拟表
SQL> create table hr.b(id number,name varchar2(100)) tablespace xff;
Table created.
SQL> insert into hr.b values(1,’aaa’);
1 row created.
Commit complete.
2、查看数据位置
QL>  select   rowid,
2   dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid)rel_fno,
3   dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)blockno,
4   dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
5   from hr.b;
ROWID                 REL_FNO    BLOCKNO      ROWNO
—————— ———- ———- ———-
AAAHytAACAAAAIKAAA          2        522          0
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
虽然bbed 可以在db open 状态来进行修改，但是建议在做任何修改操作之前先shutdown db。 这样避免checkpoint 进程重写bbed 对block 的修改。 也避免oracle 在bbed 修改完成之前读block 或者申明block 为corrupt。
[oracle@localhost ~]$ bbed parfile=/tmp/parfile.cnf（/tmp/parfile.cnf文件见bbed破坏数据文件）
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 – Limited Production on Sat Aug 20 17:10:24 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> show all
FILE#           2
BLOCK#          1
OFFSET          0
DBA             0×00800001 (8388609 2,1)
FILENAME        /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf
BIFILE          bifile.bbd
LISTFILE        /tmp/list
BLOCKSIZE       8192
MODE            Edit
EDIT            Unrecoverable
IBASE           Dec
OBASE           Dec
WIDTH           80
COUNT           512
LOGFILE         log.bbd
SPOOL           No
3、设置dba位置
BBED> set dba 2,522
DBA             0x0080020a (8389130 2,522)
4、查询aaa位置
BBED> find /c aaa
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 522              Offsets: 8185 to 8191           Dba:0x0080020a
————————————————————————
61616101 067735
<32 bytes per line>
5、查看该位置内容
BBED> dump /v offset 8185
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 522     Offsets: 8185 to 8191  Dba:0x0080020a
——————————————————-
61616101 067735                     l aaa..w5
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> show all
FILE#           2
BLOCK#          522
OFFSET          8185
DBA             0x0080020a (8389130 2,522)
FILENAME        /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf
BIFILE          bifile.bbd
LISTFILE        /tmp/list
BLOCKSIZE       8192
MODE            Edit
EDIT            Unrecoverable
IBASE           Dec
OBASE           Dec
WIDTH           80
COUNT           512
LOGFILE         log.bbd
SPOOL           No
6、修改aaa为bbb
BBED> modify /c bbb
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 522              Offsets: 8185 to 8191           Dba:0x0080020a
————————————————————————
62626201 067735
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf (2)
Block: 522     Offsets: 8185 to 8191  Dba:0x0080020a
——————————————————-
62626201 067735                     l bbb..w5
<16 bytes per line>
7、应用变更
BBED> sum
Check value for File 2, Block 522:
current = 0xa285, required = 0xa286
此时 current checksum 是0xa285，requiredchecksum 是0xa286
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 2, Block 522:
current = 0xa286, required = 0xa286
加上apply参数，使checksum一致。即之前的修改生效。
8、开启数据测试
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  236000356 bytes
Fixed Size                   451684 bytes
Variable Size             201326592 bytes
Database Buffers           33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> col name for a20
SQL> select * from hr.b;
ID NAME
———- ——————–
1 bbb
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