分类目录归档：数据库

拷贝windows中datafile header方法(ocopy)

发表于 2012 年 5 月 27 日 由 惜分飞

在很多时候,我们需要对数据文件的头部进行分析,但是因为人不在本地,数据文件本身很大,网络又不好.这个时候我们可能要求对方传过来文件文件的头部几M即可.在unix/linux中可以使用dd实现该需求;在win中可以使用ocopy实现该需求.dd实现请参考:dd操作数据文件;这里讲win下面实现方法:
ocopy语法

D:\>ocopy
OCOPY v2.0 - Copyright 1989-1993 Oracle Corp.  All rights reserved.
Usage:
    ocopy from_file [to_file [a | size_1 [size_n]]]
    ocopy -b from_file to_drive
    ocopy -r from_drive to_dir

ocopy拷贝数据文件header

D:\>ocopy  E:\oracle\oradata\xifenfei\SYSAUX01.DBF d:\sysaux.dbf 20480 1
D:\SYSAUX.DBF
OCOPY - Write error.
--忽略(未找到原因)

D:\>dir sysaux*
 驱动器 D 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 000B-FBCB

 D:\ 的目录

2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB2
2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB3
2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB4
2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB5
2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB6
2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB7
2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB8
2012/05/07  22:28             1,024 SYSAUX.DB9
2012/05/07  22:28        20,971,520 SYSAUX.DBF
               9 个文件     20,979,712 字节
               0 个目录 28,771,282,944 可用字节

--SYSAUX.DBF是我们需要的文件

上传到linux中bbed验证

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ bbed
Password: 

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Fri May 25 08:31:12 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> set filename '/home/oracle/sysaux.dbf'
        FILENAME        /home/oracle/sysaux.dbf

BBED> set blocksize 8192
        BLOCKSIZE       8192

--从win中拷贝的数据库,第一个block非bbed有效块

BBED> set block 2
        BLOCK#          2

BBED> map
 File: /home/oracle/sysaux.dbf (0)
 Block: 2                                     Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------
 Data File Header

 struct kcvfh, 360 bytes                    @0       

 ub4 tailchk                                @8188

BBED> map /v
 File: /home/oracle/sysaux.dbf (0)
 Block: 2                                     Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------
 Data File Header

 struct kcvfh, 360 bytes                    @0       
    struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes               @0       
    struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes               @20      
    ub4 kcvfhrdb                            @96      
    struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes                @100     
    ub4 kcvfhcrt                            @108     
    ub4 kcvfhrlc                            @112     
    struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes                @116     
    ub4 kcvfhbti                            @124     
    struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes                @128     
    ub2 kcvfhbth                            @136     
    ub2 kcvfhsta                            @138     
    struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes               @140     
    ub4 kcvfhcpc                            @176     
    ub4 kcvfhrts                            @180     
    ub4 kcvfhccc                            @184     
    struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes               @188     
    ub4 kcvfhbhz                            @224     
    struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes               @228     
    word kcvfhtsn                           @244     
    ub2 kcvfhtln                            @248     
    text kcvfhtnm[30]                       @250     
    ub4 kcvfhrfn                            @280     
    struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes                @284     
    ub4 kcvfhrft                            @292     
    struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes                @296     
    ub4 kcvfhbbc                            @304     
    ub4 kcvfhncb                            @308     
    ub4 kcvfhmcb                            @312     
    ub4 kcvfhlcb                            @316     
    ub4 kcvfhbcs                            @320     
    ub2 kcvfhofb                            @324     
    ub2 kcvfhnfb                            @326     
    ub4 kcvfhprc                            @328     
    struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes                @332     
    struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes               @340     
    ub4 kcvfhtrt                            @356     

 ub4 tailchk                                @8188  
--数据块拷贝出来正常
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使用dbms_metadata.get_ddl出现ORA-31605错误

发表于 2012 年 5 月 26 日 由 惜分飞

使用dbms_metadata.get_ddl出现ORA-31605错误

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    9.2.0.3.0       Production
TNS for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "www.xifenfei.com" from dual;

www.xifenfei.com
-------------------
2012-05-26 23:10:22

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1') from dual;
ERROR:
ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error
ORA-31605: the following was returned from LpxXSLResetAllVars in routine kuxslResetParams:
LPX-1: NULL pointer
ORA-06512: at "SYS.UTL_XML", line 0
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA_INT", line 3320
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA_INT", line 4148
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 458
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 615
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 1221
ORA-06512: at line 1

no rows selected

错误原因
dbms_metadata.get_ddl需要调用Oracle dictionary table “sys.metastylesheet.”中的XSL stylesheets,但是由于某种原因,使得调用失败,出现上述错误.因为该错误可能有:
1.XSL stylesheets没有安装
2.使用alter database 修改数据库字符集(本库是因为昨天修改字符集导致)

解决办法(sys用户执行)
1.在10g及其以上版本中(不带参数)

SQL> exec dbms_metadata_util.load_stylesheets;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

2.在9i版本中(带dir参数)

SQL> exec dbms_metadata_util.load_stylesheets('/u01/oracle/9.2.0/db_1/rdbms/xml/xsl');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1') from dual;

DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  CREATE TABLE "CHF1"."XFF_IOT"
   (    "ID" NUMBER,
        "NAME" VARCHAR2(30),
         CONSTRAINT "CHF_IOT_ID#_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ID") ENABLE
   ) ORGANIZATION INDEX NOCOMPRESS PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 LOGGING
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "SYSTEM"
 PCTTHRESHOLD 50


DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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asm备份元数据之md_backup和md_restore

发表于 2012 年 5 月 26 日 由 惜分飞

在11g的asm中增加了md_backup和md_restore命令,用来备份和还原asm的元数据信息
当前磁盘组相关信息

SQL> select PATH,b.NAME from v$asm_disk a,v$asm_diskgroup b where a.GROUP_NUMBER=b.GROUP_NUMBER;

PATH                                     NAME
---------------------------------------- ----------
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL2                DATA
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL1                DATA
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL4                XIFENFEI
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL3                XIFENFEI

md_backup操作

--备份所有mount磁盘组
ASMCMD> md_backup /tmp/xifenfei.md    
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Disk group metadata to be backed up: XIFENFEI
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/OCRFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03
Current alias directory path: XFF/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/TEMPFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM

--备份指定磁盘组
ASMCMD> md_backup /tmp/xifenfei_data.md -G DATA  
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/OCRFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_24
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13

md_restore操作

--生产sql文件(未执行)
ASMCMD> md_restore -S  /tmp/get_dg_sql -G data /tmp/xifenfei_data.md
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: DATA

破坏XIFENFEI磁盘组中的其中一个asm disk(/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL3)
[root@rac1 tmp]#  dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 4.8629e-05 seconds, 84.2 MB/s

--尝试还原磁盘组(操作单位是磁盘组)
ASMCMD>  md_restore /tmp/xifenfei.md --silent -G xifenfei
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: XIFENFEI
ASMCMD-9352: CREATE DISKGROUP failed
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15033: disk /dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL4 belongs to diskgroup "XIFENFEI" (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
--如果一个磁盘组中某个asm disk 出了问题,这种方法不能生效,甚至需要先dd 处理掉所有该磁盘组中的asm disk

总结说明
md_backup和md_restore是磁盘组级别的备份和还原,如果一个磁盘组的某个asm disk出现问题,使用这对命令解决起来还是很麻烦,甚至根本不可行(因为代价太大:要删除该磁盘组其他asm disk header,然后要重新还原所有数据文件),这样的情景下dd或者kfed的备份还是非常有必要,ASM DISK HEADER 备份与恢复.如果是一个磁盘组都损坏,需要还原磁盘组,这个时候这个命令非常的完美(至少比起dd和kfed方便很多).md_backup/md_restore和dd与kfed是互补的命令,而不是md_backup/md_restore出现使得dd和kfed在asm元数据的备份恢复上就没有用武之地.

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