分类目录归档：Oracle

数据文件重命名

发表于 2011 年 10 月 21 日 由 惜分飞

最近一段时间，发现不少pub上不少新手都因为一时大意，添加数据文件名称不规范，然后想重命名该数据文件（或者想删除该数据文件然后重建），处理思路有些不妥，导致一些悲剧的发现，我这里通过实验提供一个自认为比较合理的处理思路：处理思路是数据文件离线重命名

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /opt/oracle/oradata/test/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence     210
Next log sequence to archive   212
Current log sequence           212
--确认数据库是归档模式，使得数据库离线后，可以有归档日志恢复到在线状态

SQL> col name for a50
SQL> select name,file# from v$datafile;

NAME                                                    FILE#
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf                       1
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf                      2
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf                       3
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf                        4
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf                        5
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf                     6
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf                         7
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf                          8
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf                          9
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.dbf                         10

10 rows selected.

SQL> alter tablespace xff add datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.chf'
   2    size 10m autoextend off;

Tablespace altered.

SQL>  select name,file# from v$datafile;

NAME                                                    FILE#
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf                       1
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf                      2
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf                       3
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf                        4
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf                        5
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf                     6
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf                         7
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf                          8
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf                          9
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.dbf                         10
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.chf                    11

11 rows selected.

SQL> create table chf.xff_test tablespace xff 
  2  as 
  3  select * from dba_objects;
select * from dba_objects
              *
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-01536: space quota exceeded for tablespace 'XFF'


SQL> alter user chf quota 100m on xff;

User altered.


SQL> create table chf.xff_test tablespace xff 
  2  as
  3  select * from dba_objects;

Table created.
--需要重命名的数据文件内有数据，模拟数据库在生产环境中工作

SQL> alter database datafile 11 offline drop ;

Database altered.
--数据文件离线处理

SQL> !mv /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.chf /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.dbf
--系统级别把数据文件修改为正确名称

SQL> alter database rename file '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.chf' 
     2  to '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.dbf';

Database altered.
--修改控制文件中数据文件名称

SQL> recover datafile 11;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 11 online;

Database altered.
--恢复数据文件，并使其online

SQL>  select name,file# from v$datafile;

NAME                                                    FILE#
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf                       1
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf                      2
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf                       3
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf                        4
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf                        5
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf                     6
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf                         7
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf                          8
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf                          9
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.dbf                         10
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.dbf                    11

11 rows selected.

如果数据库满足以下条件，可以删除数据文件，重新添加：
1、The database must be open.
2、If a datafile is not empty, it cannot be dropped. If you must remove a datafile that is not empty and that cannot be made empty by dropping schema objects, you must drop the tablespace that contains the datafile.
3、You cannot drop the first or only datafile in a tablespace. This means that DROP DATAFILE cannot be used with a bigfile tablespace.
4、You cannot drop datafiles in a read-only tablespace.
5、You cannot drop datafiles in the SYSTEM tablespace.
6、If a datafile in a locally managed tablespace is offline, it cannot be dropped.
7、db version >= 10g R2

SQL> alter tablespace xff drop datafile 11;
alter tablespace xff drop datafile 11
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03262: the file is non-empty

SQL> alter tablespace xff add datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.chf' size 10m autoextend off;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace xff drop datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.chf';

Tablespace altered.
发表在 Oracle | 一条评论

清除离线数据文件记录

发表于 2011 年 10 月 21 日 由 惜分飞

测试前提：数据文件离线，系统上删除了该文件，需要删除在数据字典中，关于这条离线数据文件记录

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /opt/oracle/oradata/test/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence     210
Next log sequence to archive   212
Current log sequence           212
--数据库是归档模式

SQL> col file_name for a40
SQL>  select file_id,file_name,bytes from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                     BYTES
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
         1 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf     524288000
         2 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf   1289748480
         3 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf     377487360
         4 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf        5242880
         5 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf       10485760
         6 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf    20971520
         7 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf        10485760
         8 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf       1.1283E+10
         9 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf        104857600
        10 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.chf                            

10 rows selected.

SQL> col error for a20
SQL>  select file#,ONLINE_STATUS,ERROR,CHANGE# from V$RECOVER_FILE order by 1;

     FILE# ONLINE_ ERROR                   CHANGE#
---------- ------- -------------------- ----------
        10 OFFLINE FILE NOT FOUND                0

SQL> !ls /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.chf
ls: /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.chf: No such file or directory
--说明该数据文件已经从硬盘上删除

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  209715200 bytes
Fixed Size                  2082784 bytes
Variable Size             130025504 bytes
Database Buffers           71303168 bytes
Redo Buffers                6303744 bytes

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "TEST" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,
  9    GROUP 2 '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
 10    GROUP 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf',
 13    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf',
 14    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf',
 15    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf',
 16    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf',
 17    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf',
 18    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf',
 19    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf',
 20    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf'
        ,'/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.chf'     --文件不存在，创建控制文件这条记录需要除掉
 21  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 22  ;

Control file created.


SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select file_id,file_name,bytes from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                     BYTES
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
         1 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf     524288000
         2 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf   1289748480
         3 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf     377487360
         4 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf        5242880
         5 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf       10485760
         6 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf    20971520
         7 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf        10485760
         8 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf       1.1283E+10
         9 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf        104857600
        10 /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00010     --系统默认创建了自定义的数据文件名称

10 rows selected.

SQL> select file#,ONLINE_STATUS,ERROR,CHANGE# from V$RECOVER_FILE order by 1;

     FILE# ONLINE_ ERROR                   CHANGE#
---------- ------- -------------------- ----------
        10 OFFLINE FILE MISSING                  0  
--提示该文件是离线状态，需要恢复，结果同开始时候状态

SQL> select file#,STATUS$,TS#,RELFILE# from file$ order by 1;

     FILE#    STATUS$        TS#   RELFILE#
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1          2          0          1
         2          2          1          2
         3          2          2          3
         4          2          4          4
         5          2          4          5
         6          2          6          6
         7          2          4          7
         8          2          7          9
         9          2          7          6
        10          2          7         10
        11          1

11 rows selected.

SQL> delete from file$ where file#=10;    ---重要的就是这个操作

1 row deleted.

SQL> select file#,STATUS$,TS#,RELFILE# from file$ order by 1;

     FILE#    STATUS$        TS#   RELFILE#
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1          2          0          1
         2          2          1          2
         3          2          2          3
         4          2          4          4
         5          2          4          5
         6          2          6          6
         7          2          4          7
         8          2          7          9
         9          2          7          6
        11          1

10 rows selected.

SQL> col name for a40
SQL> select * from v$dbfile order by 1;

     FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
         1 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
         2 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
         3 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
         4 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
         5 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf
         6 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf
         7 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf
         8 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf
         9 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf
        10 /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00010

10 rows selected.
--需要重建控制文件，删除不存在的数据文件

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  209715200 bytes
Fixed Size                  2082784 bytes
Variable Size             130025504 bytes
Database Buffers           71303168 bytes
Redo Buffers                6303744 bytes

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "TEST" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,
  9    GROUP 2 '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
 10    GROUP 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf',
 13    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf',
 14    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf',
 15    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf',
 16    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf',
 17    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf',
 18    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf',
 19    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf',
 20    '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf'
 21  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 22  ;

Control file created.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select file_id,file_name,bytes from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                     BYTES
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
         1 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf     524288000
         2 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf   1289748480
         3 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf     377487360
         4 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf        5242880
         5 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf       10485760
         6 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf    20971520
         7 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf        10485760
         8 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf       1.1283E+10
         9 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf        104857600

9 rows selected.

SQL> select * from v$dbfile order by 1;

     FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
         1 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
         2 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
         3 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
         4 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
         5 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf
         6 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf
         7 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf
         8 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf
         9 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf

9 rows selected.

补充说明：非归档模式下，NOARCHIVELOG创建控制文件，其他无太大区别
测试来源：itpub:数据文件物理性删除相关问题疑惑?
参考blog：roger:如何彻底删除已经不存在的数据文件？

发表在 Oracle备份恢复 | 5 条评论

设置oracle 含特殊字符密码

发表于 2011 年 10 月 20 日 由 惜分飞

oracle 修改设置密码复杂度渐增方法：
1、修改为常见密码（无特殊字符）

SQL> alter user chf identified by xifenfei;

User altered.

2、修改含一般特殊字符（如：$, %等）
SQL>
SQL> alter user chf identified by “xi%,fenfei”;

User altered.

SQL> conn chf/xi%,fenfei
Connected.

3、修改含”的特殊字符
3.1）修改制定用户密码（sys用户操作）
SQL> password chf
Changing password for chf
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed
SQL> conn chf/aa””bb
Connected.

3.2）修改当前用户密码（需要有修改密码权限）
SQL> password
Changing password for CHF
Old password:
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed
SQL>
注：因为一般特殊字符可以使用双引号处理，但是如果密码中含有双引号，就不能用双引号处理，可以直接使用password修改密码

发表在 Oracle | 4 条评论