分类目录归档：Oracle

本问是对于Oracle 12C中的In-Memory Column Store一个整体的汇总,具体细节知识在以后章节中展开
IM可以针对如下级别进行操作
Column
Table
Materialized view
Tablespace
Partition

可以指定In-Memory操作语句
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
ALTER TABLESPACE
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW

压缩级别

优先级

对象级别操作IM

CREATE TABLE t_xifenfei (
     id        NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,
     test_col  VARCHAR2(15))
  INMEMORY;

ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY;

ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY LOW;

ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY PRIORITY HIGH;

ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY 
  MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH 
  PRIORITY LOW;

ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei  
   INMEMORY MEMCOMPRESS FOR QUERY (
      product_id, product_name, category_id, supplier_id, min_price)
   INMEMORY MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH (
      product_description, warranty_period, product_status, list_price)
   NO INMEMORY (
      weight_class, catalog_url);

ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei NO INMEMORY;

补充说明:列级别设置的优先级无效,优先级是表(物化视图)或者分区表级别

表空间级别操作IM

CREATE TABLESPACE xifenfie_im
   DATAFILE '/u02/xifenfei.dbf' SIZE 40M 
   ONLINE
   DEFAULT INMEMORY;

ALTER TABLESPACE xifenfie_im DEFAULT INMEMORY 
   MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH 
   PRIORITY LOW;

物化视图级别

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW oe.prod_info_mv INMEMORY 
  AS SELECT * FROM t_xifenfei;

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW oe.prod_info_mv INMEMORY PRIORITY HIGH;

适合使用IN-Memory操作
A query that scans a large number of rows and applies filters that use operators such as the following: =, <, >, and IN
A query that selects a small number of columns from a table or materialized view with a large number of columns,
such as a query that selects five columns from a table with 100 columns
A query that joins a small table to a large table
A query that aggregates data

不适合使用IN-Memory操作
Queries with complex predicates
Queries that select a large number of columns
Queries that return a large number of rows
Queries with multiple large table joins

IM控制参数
INMEMORY_SIZE 指定IM分配内存大小,默认值为0,如果启动该值最小为100M;如果在CDB环境中使用,CDB级别设置为整个库级别限制,PDB默认继承CDB设置,但是在实际使用中PDB中总数不能超过CDB限制
INMEMORY_FORCE 指定是否允许数据库中对象使用IM,默认是DEFAULT,即可以实现在对象级别定义INMEMORY or NO INMEMORY,如果设置为OFF 即表示表或者物化视图无法使用IM
INMEMORY_CLAUSE_DEFAULT 默认为空,和NO INMEMORY意义相同,表示创建新对象默认不启用IM,如果配置为INMEMORY,表示新创建对象默认启用IM
INMEMORY_QUERY 默认为TRUE,表示查询是否使用IM特性,设置为FALSE表示查询不使用IM特性
INMEMORY_MAX_POPULATE_SERVERS 默认和系统core一致,用途是把你的表中数据写入到IM中
INMEMORY_TRICKLE_REPOPULATE_SERVERS_PERCENT 控制IM中对象数据的重新载入的进程数,该值为INMEMORY_MAX_POPULATE_SERVERS参数的百分比
OPTIMIZER_INMEMORY_AWARE 该参数是控制优化器成本计算时是否考虑IM,默认为TRUE

impdp 操作IM
TRANSFORM=INMEMORY:y 继承IM导出对象属性
TRANSFORM=INMEMORY:n 不继承IM导出对象属性
TRANSFORM=INMEMORY_CLAUSE:string 修改IM导出对象关于IM的属性

参考文档:https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/memory.htm#ADMIN14257

对于12.1.0.2的In-Memory特性很多朋友都已经知晓,现在可能有这个困惑我一张表启用In-Memory大概需要多少内存呢？该如何估算这个值呢？这里我告诉你通过dbms_compression可以完成你想做的事情
启用In-Memory功能

[oracle@www.xifenfei.com u02]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Aug 7 17:50:47 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show parameter inmemory;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     0
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE

SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=400M;
alter system set inmemory_size=400M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified

SQL>  alter system set inmemory_size=400M scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           READ WRITE NO
         4 PDB2                           READ WRITE NO
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> show parameter inmemory;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     0
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE

SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=200M;
alter system set inmemory_size=200M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified


SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=200M scope=spfile;
alter system set inmemory_size=200M scope=spfile
                                               *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02096: specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this
option


SQL> !oerr ora 2096
02096, 00000, "specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this option"
// *Cause: Though the initialization parameter is modifiable, it cannot be
//         modified using the specified command.
// *Action: Check the DBA guide for information about under what scope
//          the parameter may be modified



SQL> select 200*1024*1024 from dual;

200*1024*1024
-------------
    209715200

SQL>  alter system set inmemory_size=209715200;
 alter system set inmemory_size=209715200
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified


SQL> shutdown immediate;
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  838860800 bytes
Fixed Size                  2929936 bytes
Variable Size             360712944 bytes
Database Buffers           50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                5455872 bytes
In-Memory Area            419430400 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     1
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 400M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE

SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> show parameter inmemory;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     1
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 400M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE

SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=100M;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter inmemory;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     1
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 100M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE

这里可以发现inmemory_query默认为true,但是inmemory_size默认为0,也就是说In-Memory Option默认是关闭的,如果启用直接设置inmemory_size值即可(该值最小值为100M),但是需要注意在cdb中需要重启后生效,pdb需要待cdb生效后才能够设置

估算表设置In-Memory默认需要内存空间

SQL> create user chf identified by xifenfei;

User created.

SQL> grant dba to chf;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> select sum(bytes), sum(blocks) from DBA_segments where segment_name = 'T_XIFENFEI';

SUM(BYTES) SUM(BLOCKS)
---------- -----------
  13631488        1664

SQL> set serveroutput on
DECLARE
l_blkcnt_cmp binary_integer;
l_blkcnt_uncmp binary_integer;
l_row_cmp binary_integer;
l_row_uncmp binary_integer;
l_cmp_ratio number;
SQL>   2    3    4    5    6    7  l_comptype_str varchar2(100);
  8  BEGIN
  9  dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio(
 10  scratchtbsname => upper('&ScratchTBS'),
 11  ownname => upper('&ownername'), 
 12  objname => upper('&TableName'), 
 13  subobjname => NULL, 
 14  comptype => DBMS_COMPRESSION.COMP_INMEMORY_QUERY_LOW, 
 15  blkcnt_cmp => l_blkcnt_cmp,
 16  blkcnt_uncmp => l_blkcnt_uncmp, 
 17  row_cmp => l_row_cmp,
 18  row_uncmp => l_row_uncmp,
 19  cmp_ratio => l_cmp_ratio, 
 20  comptype_str => l_comptype_str 
 21  );
 22  dbms_output.put_line('.');
 23  dbms_output.put_line('OUTPUT: ');
 24  dbms_output.put_line('LINEORDER '||l_comptype_str||' ratio: '||to_char(l_cmp_ratio,'99.999'));
 25  end;
 26  /
Enter value for scratchtbs: USERS
old  10: scratchtbsname => upper('&ScratchTBS'),
new  10: scratchtbsname => upper('USERS'),
Enter value for ownername: CHF
old  11: ownname => upper('&ownername'),
new  11: ownname => upper('CHF'),
Enter value for tablename: T_XIFENFEI
old  12: objname => upper('&TableName'),
new  12: objname => upper('T_XIFENFEI'),
.
OUTPUT:
LINEORDER "In-memory Memcompress Query Low" ratio:   2.800

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT 13631488/2.800 FROM DUAL;

13631488/2.800
--------------
    4868388.57

SQL> alter table CHF.T_XIFENFEI inmemory;

Table altered.


SQL> select COUNT(*) FROM CHF.T_XIFENFEI;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     90923

SQL> select inmemory_size from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_XIFENFEI';

INMEMORY_SIZE
-------------
      4325376

SQL> select (4868388.57-4325376)/4325376 from dual;

(4868388.57-4325376)/4325376
----------------------------
                  .125541125

这里使用大家在ehcc中熟悉的dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio来估算In-memory需要的大概空间,例如本测试中,创建T_XIFENFEI表占用磁盘空间为13631488byte,使用dbms_compression估算在In-memory默认的压缩比例(Query Low)情况下,大概压缩比例为2.8,也就是通过合理估算,表启用In-memory cache之后,大概需要空间为13631488/2.800=4868388.57byte,最终通过实际测试需要空间为4325376byte,整体误差为(4868388.57-4325376)/4325376=12.5%左右
因此我们在使用In-memory cache一个表之时,如果不确定其需要内存大小,可以通过dbms_compression包来估算.另外In-memory还可以配置不同的压缩级别实现不同的压缩比例,其他压缩比例请见下图


详细link请见:https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_compress.htm#ARPLS65599