分类目录归档：Oracle

记录一次存储异常数据库恢复后遗症ORA-600[kafspa:columnBuffer1]错误处理

发表于 2015 年 8 月 14 日 由 惜分飞

先说下前提,这个库以前是由于存储异常,找硬件厂商做了raid重组,然后我进行数据恢复的,恢复出来数据之后,应用厂商通过验证和补数据,然后迁移到另外一台机器做生产用的,这个库一直没有怎么看,最近检查数据库发现ORA-600[kafspa:columnBuffer1]错误,通过删除异常记录的方式解决.
数据库alert日志

Mon Aug 10 00:00:21 2015
LNS: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 617 for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
Mon Aug 10 00:00:33 2015
Errors in file D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\xff\xff\trace\xff_j002_6900.trc  (incident=146517):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kafspa:columnBuffer1], [2883], [1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\xff\xff\incident\incdir_146517\xff_j002_6900_i146517.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\xff\xff\trace\xff_j002_6900.trc:
ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job "SYS"."ORA$AT_OS_OPT_SY_280"
ORA-20011: Approximate NDV failed: 
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kafspa:columnBuffer1], [2883], [1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_STATS", line 31228

分析日志发现

*** 2015-07-19 06:00:30.231
*** SESSION ID:(578.751) 2015-07-19 06:00:30.231
*** CLIENT ID:() 2015-07-19 06:00:30.231
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2015-07-19 06:00:30.231
*** MODULE NAME:(DBMS_SCHEDULER) 2015-07-19 06:00:30.231
*** ACTION NAME:(ORA$AT_OS_OPT_SY_220) 2015-07-19 06:00:30.231
 
Dump continued from file: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\xff\xff\trace\xff_j001_4444.trc
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kafspa:columnBuffer1], [2883], [1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

========= Dump for incident 146142 (ORA 600 [kafspa:columnBuffer1]) ========

*** 2015-07-19 06:00:30.231
dbkedDefDump(): Starting incident default dumps (flags=0x2, level=3, mask=0x0)
----- Current SQL Statement for this session (sql_id=g0q33k8qtbcpd) -----
/* SQL Analyze(1) */ select /*+  full(t)    no_parallel(t) no_parallel_index(t)
 dbms_stats cursor_sharing_exact use_weak_name_resl 
dynamic_sampling(0) no_monitoring no_substrb_pad 
…………
to_char(substrb(dump(max("LIST_NO"),16,0,32),1,120)) from "CHF"."T_XIFENFEI" t 
…………

对表进行收集统计信息


SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_table_stats('CHF','T_XIFENFEI',CASCADE=>TRUE)
;
BEGIN DBMS_STATS.gather_table_stats('CHF','T_XIFENFEI',CASCADE=>TRUE); EN
D;

*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-20011: Approximate NDV failed: ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数:
[kafspa:columnBuffer1], [2883], [1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_STATS", line 24232
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_STATS", line 24332
ORA-06512: 在 line 1


SQL> desc "CHF"."T_XIFENFEI"
 名称                                      是否为空? 类型
 ----------------------------------------- -------- -----------------

 VISIT_DATE                                         DATE
…………
 GETDRUG_FLAG                                       VARCHAR2(2)
…………

通过上面的alert日志和trace文件以及人工收集统计信息，基本上可以定位是由于数据库自动收集统计信息进程在进行统计信息收集之时，对于”CHF”.”T_XIFENFEI”表进行收集统计信息由于某种错误,从而出现该错误.查询mos，发现此类问题主要是由于varchar2类型存储的数据长度超过了表定义长度.

通过验证官方所说

C:\Users\Administrator>exp "'/ as sysdba'" tables="CHF"."T_XIFENFEI" file
=y:/1.dmp log=y:/1.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期四 8月 13 11:03:22 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Produc
tion
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
已导出 ZHS16GBK 字符集和 AL16UTF16 NCHAR 字符集

即将导出指定的表通过常规路径...
当前的用户已更改为 CHF
. . 正在导出表                    T_XIFENFEI
EXP-00015: 错误出现在行 1339552 (表 T_XIFENFEI, 列 GETDRUG_FLAG), 数据类型 1
EXP-00001: 数据字段截断 - 列长度 =2, 缓冲区大小 =2 实际大小 =17Errors in file :
OCI-21500: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kghfrempty:ds], [0x00652FCC8], [], [], [], [], [
], []


----- Call Stack Trace -----
calling              call     entry                argument values in hex
location             type     point                (? means dubious value)
-------------------- -------- -------------------- ----------------------------
kgerinv_internal()+  CALL???  skgudmp()            000000000 006447680 000000000

139                                                006447680
kgerinv()+49         CALL???  kgerinv_internal()   000000001 000676B4D 0064985B0

                                                   000000000
kgerin()+49          CALL???  kgerinv()            000000018 000799612 000072000

                                                   000000000
kghnerror()+294      CALL???  kgerin()             006447680 00645092C 006447680

                                                   000000001
kghfrempty()+639     CALL???  kghnerror()          0000001F0 000000000
                                                   BE019800000000 7E01960000
kghgex()+1433        CALL???  kghfrempty()+368     000000000 00652CAD8 000000000

                                                   000000000
kghfnd()+808         CALL???  kghgex()             001004000 000000000 001BEDD10

                                                   001A7131C
kghalo()+610         CALL???  kghfnd()             00012C450 00012C4A0 000000000

                                                   006446FD0
kghgex()+445         CALL???  kghalo()             006494848 000000000 001BEDD10

                                                   00190A575
kghfnd()+808         CALL???  kghgex()             000000001 0000001A0 000000000

                                                   006493D68
kghalo()+610         CALL???  kghfnd()             000000000 006447680 0FFFFFFFF

                                                   006447680
kpuhhalo()+358       CALL???  kghalo()             000000000 000000178 07FFFFFFF

                                                   000000001
kpuertb_reallocTemp  CALL???  kpuhhalo()           00652C498 000003E84 001C0EA44

Buf()+192                                          000000000
kpuex_reallocTempBu  CALL???  kpuertb_reallocTemp  000004007 0018BA3BF 00012CAB0

f()+67                        Buf()                001AB296F
kpudefn()+347        CALL???  kpuex_reallocTempBu  00012CC38 001004000 001BEDD44

                              f()                  000000004
kpudfn()+1506        CALL???  kpudefn()            00012F3D0 000000004 006520044

                                                   000000000
OCIDefineByPos()+10  CALL???  kpudfn()             004327570 000000000 00012F3D0

2                                                  000000004
00000001400116E5     CALL???  OCIDefineByPos()     1043B9300 0043B92C0 0044002B8

                                                   004401394
000000014004AFC7     CALL???  00000001400113BA     00012F380 00012F0E0 000000068

                                                   14004B2B6
000000014001E784     CALL???  000000014004A37E     000013F30 140095A71 140097520

                                                   14009F540
00000001400027A7     CALL???  000000014001E39F     14009F838 00012FB5C 140097520

                                                   14009F540
000000014000102C     CALL???  0000000140001E2C     000000005 004327570
                                                   1D0D5749D21764D 000000000
000000014006BEF0     CALL???  000000014000100E     000130000 1AFBFE2D0D8
                                                   000000000 000000000
000000007748652D     CALL???  000000014006BDD0     000000000 000000000 000000000

                                                   000000000
00000000775BC521     CALL???  0000000077486520     000000000 000000000 000000000

                                                   000000000


call stack performance statistics:
total                  : 0.778000 sec
setup                  : 0.350000 sec
stack unwind           : 0.099000 sec
symbol translation     : 0.021000 sec
printing the call stack: 0.304000 sec
printing frame data    : 0.000000 sec
printing argument data : 0.000000 sec


----- End of Call Stack Trace -----

这里通过exp验证到数据在GETDRUG_FLAG列上有异常，本来定义列长度为2，可是实际数据长度为17，明显不符

通过plsql定位具体错误rowid

SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> DECLARE
  2   TYPE RowIDTab IS TABLE OF ROWID INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
  3   CURSOR c1 IS  select /*+index(t PK_T_XIFENFEI_BAK_NEW)*/ rowid from CHF.T_XIFENFEI t;
  4   r RowIDTab;
  5   rows  NATURAL := 20000;
  6   bad_rows number := 0 ;
  7   errors number;
  8   error_code number;
  9   myrowid rowid;
 10  BEGIN
 11   OPEN c1;
 12   LOOP
 13     FETCH  c1 BULK COLLECT INTO r LIMIT rows;
 14     EXIT WHEN r.count=0;
 15     BEGIN
 16      FORALL i IN r.FIRST..r.LAST SAVE EXCEPTIONS
 17       insert into CHF.T_XIFENFEI_new
 18       select /*+ ROWID(A) */ *
 19       from CHF.T_XIFENFEI A where rowid = r(i);
 20     EXCEPTION
 21     when OTHERS then
 22      BEGIN
 23       errors := SQL%BULK_EXCEPTIONS.COUNT;
 24       FOR err1 IN 1..errors LOOP
 25           error_code := SQL%BULK_EXCEPTIONS(err1).ERROR_CODE;
 26           myrowid := r(SQL%BULK_EXCEPTIONS(err1).ERROR_INDEX);
 27           bad_rows := bad_rows + 1;
 28           insert into system.had_rows values('CHF.T_XIFENFEI',myrowid, error_code);
 29       END LOOP;
 30       END;
 31     END;
 32    commit;
 33   END LOOP;
 34   commit;
 35   CLOSE c1;
 36   dbms_output.put_line('Total Bad Rows: '||bad_rows);
 37  END;
 38  /
Total Bad Rows: 1

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。


SQL> SELECT row_id FROM  system.had_rows ;

 ROW_ID
 ------------------

 AAAT8wAAEAAAM29AAX

SQL> select * from  CHF.T_XIFENFEI WHERE ROWID='AAAT8wAAEAAAM29AAX';
select * from  CHF.T_XIFENFEI WHERE ROWID='AAAT8wAAEAAAM29AAX'
                        *
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kafspa:columnBuffer1], [2883], [1], [], [], [],
[], [], [], [], [], []

通过这里基本上可以定位到是该条rowid记录有问题，和业务进行沟通，确定该条记录可以删除(也不能访问，其实不删除也没用)

删除异常记录

SQL> delete from CHF.T_XIFENFEI WHERE ROWID='AAAT8wAAEAAAM29AAX';

已删除 1 行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

收集统计信息

SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_table_stats('CHF','T_XIFENFEI',CASCADE=>TRUE)
;

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

通过清理异常记录，数据库可以正常收集统计信息，未再报ORA-00600[kafspa:columnBuffer1]错误，故障较完美解决

补充几个现象
1. analyze table “CHF”.”T_XIFENFEI” estimate statistics; 分析表统计信息正常,但是dbms_stats收集报错(因为dbms_stats相当对于每个列进行了扫描,而analyze应该不是)
2. 在报ORA-00600[kafspa:columnBuffer1]的情况下,ctas依旧可以成功,但是普通插入不行(因为ctas相当加油append操作）,因此在有些情况下,需要慎重append(特别是有逻辑坏块的时候)

发表在 ORA-xxxxx | 标签为 , | 评论关闭

aix平台 ORA-01115 ORA-01110 ORA-27067 故障恢复

发表于 2015 年 8 月 10 日 由 惜分飞

接到朋友恢复请求，aix 5.3,Oracle 10.2.0.1平台，数据库启动报ORA-01115 ORA-01110 ORA-27067错误，数据库无法正常打开，通过分析，是由于10201在aix上面的bug导致，通过技巧规避，完美解决给问题，数据0丢失
数据库报错alert日志

Mon Aug 10 13:25:22 2015
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Mon Aug 10 13:25:29 2015
Setting recovery target incarnation to 1
Mon Aug 10 13:25:29 2015
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 432339141
Mon Aug 10 13:25:29 2015
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Completed: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Mon Aug 10 13:25:36 2015
alter database open
Mon Aug 10 13:25:36 2015
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
 parallel recovery started with 15 processes
Mon Aug 10 13:25:37 2015
Started redo scan
Mon Aug 10 13:25:52 2015
Completed redo scan
 7889582 redo blocks read, 75305 data blocks need recovery
Mon Aug 10 13:25:53 2015
Errors in file /dc/admin/datacent/bdump/datacent_p002_144124.trc:
ORA-01115: IO error reading block from file 2 (block # 40704)
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/dc/oradata/datacent/undotbs01.dbf'
ORA-27067: size of I/O buffer is invalid
Additional information: 2
Additional information: 1572864
Mon Aug 10 13:25:53 2015
Aborting crash recovery due to slave death, attempting serial crash recovery
Mon Aug 10 13:25:53 2015
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
Mon Aug 10 13:25:53 2015
Started redo scan
Mon Aug 10 13:26:09 2015
Completed redo scan
 7889582 redo blocks read, 75305 data blocks need recovery
Mon Aug 10 13:26:12 2015
Aborting crash recovery due to error 1115
Mon Aug 10 13:26:12 2015
Errors in file /dc/admin/datacent/udump/datacent_ora_123384.trc:
ORA-01115: IO error reading block from file 2 (block # 39077)
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/dc/oradata/datacent/undotbs01.dbf'
ORA-27067: size of I/O buffer is invalid
Additional information: 2
Additional information: 1310720
ORA-1115 signalled during: alter database open...

这里报的前面两个错误ORA-01115 ORA-01110我们都非常熟悉，类似数据库启动遇到坏块或者io错误之时可能就会报如此错误。但是ORA-27067确实不多见，从mos上看，很多是由于rman备份之时的bug可能导致该错误。

dbv检测undo坏块文件

DBVERIFY: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 10 23:18:15 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2003, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /dc/oradata/datacent/undotbs01.dbf


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined         : 329600
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 327504
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 17
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 2096
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 1887888 (0.1887888)

这里可以看到，undo文件本身并没有逻辑和物理的坏块,证明因为数据库异常的原因，可能是由于ORA-27067: size of I/O buffer is invalid导致。根据官方文档ORA-01115 ORA-27067 DURING PARALLEL INSTANCE RECOVERY AFTER INSTANCE CRASH中的解释，我们基本上可以确定很可能是由于10.2.0.1在aix平台的jfs2系统中，由于大量事务操作，突然abort掉数据库（也可能断电），从而数据库在启动的时候进行实例恢复，而由于内部的bug，导致实例恢复无法成功。通过我们处理后的，数据库完美启动，数据0丢失

数据库启动日志

Mon Aug 10 16:34:14 2015
alter database open
Mon Aug 10 16:34:14 2015
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
 parallel recovery started with 15 processes
Mon Aug 10 16:34:14 2015
Started redo scan
Mon Aug 10 16:34:27 2015
Completed redo scan
 7889582 redo blocks read, 0 data blocks need recovery
Mon Aug 10 16:34:27 2015
Started redo application at
 Thread 1: logseq 664704, block 1286922
Mon Aug 10 16:34:27 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 4 Seq 664704 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0 errs 0: /dev/rredo04
Mon Aug 10 16:34:32 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 5 Seq 664705 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0 errs 0: /dev/rredo05
Mon Aug 10 16:34:38 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 6 Seq 664706 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0 errs 0: /dev/rredo06
Mon Aug 10 16:34:40 2015
Completed redo application
Mon Aug 10 16:34:40 2015
Completed crash recovery at
 Thread 1: logseq 664706, block 1017805, scn 8554793334
 0 data blocks read, 0 data blocks written, 7889582 redo blocks read
Mon Aug 10 16:34:40 2015
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 664707
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 664707
  Current log# 1 seq# 664707 mem# 0: /dev/rredo01
Successful open of redo thread 1
Mon Aug 10 16:34:40 2015
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Mon Aug 10 16:34:40 2015
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Mon Aug 10 16:34:40 2015
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Mon Aug 10 16:34:40 2015
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Mon Aug 10 16:34:41 2015
Database Characterset is ZHS32GB18030
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
WARNING: AQ_TM_PROCESSES is set to 0. System operation might be adversely affected.
Mon Aug 10 16:34:41 2015
SMON: Parallel transaction recovery tried
Mon Aug 10 16:34:42 2015
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 2048 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Mon Aug 10 16:34:42 2015
Completed: alter database open
发表在 ORA-xxxxx, Oracle备份恢复 | 标签为 , , , | 2 条评论

分享oracleasm createdisk重新创建asm disk后数据0丢失恢复案例

发表于 2015 年 8 月 9 日 由 惜分飞

有客户反馈他们重启系统之后，发现asmlib创建的asmdisk丢失了，然后又使用oracleasm deletedisk和createdisk重新创建的asm disk，最后发现asm diskgroup无法mount。让客户通过dd 备份5m数据，然后使用kfed分析
kefd分析结果

E:\OneDrive\ORACLE\recover\no_backup\asm\kfedwin>kfed read H:\temp\asmlib\xx.img

kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                  3760689243 ; 0x00c: 0xe027905b
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

E:\OneDrive\ORACLE\recover\no_backup\asm\kfedwin>kfed read H:\temp\asmlib\xx.img blkn=1
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

E:\OneDrive\ORACLE\recover\no_backup\asm\kfedwin>kfed read H:\temp\asmlib\xx.img blkn=10
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

E:\OneDrive\ORACLE\recover\no_backup\asm\kfedwin>kfed read H:\temp\asmlib\xx.img blkn=255
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

E:\OneDrive\ORACLE\recover\no_backup\asm\kfedwin>kfed read H:\temp\asmlib\xx.img blkn=256|more
kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                           17 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_PST_META
kfbh.datfmt:                          2 ; 0x003: 0x02
kfbh.block.blk:                     256 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x100
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                  3925268785 ; 0x00c: 0xe9f6d931
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.time.hi:32994098 ; 0x000: HOUR=0x12 DAYS=0x19 MNTH=0x
c YEAR=0x7dd
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.time.lo:1614030848 ; 0x004: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x10a SECS=
0x3 MINS=0x18
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.last:      2 ; 0x008: 0x00000002
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.next:      2 ; 0x00c: 0x00000002
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.copyCnt:   1 ; 0x010: 0x01
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.version:   1 ; 0x011: 0x01
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.ub2spare:  0 ; 0x012: 0x0000
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.incarn:    1 ; 0x014: 0x00000001
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.copy[0]:   0 ; 0x018: 0x0000
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.copy[1]:   0 ; 0x01a: 0x0000
kfdpHdrPairBv1.first.super.copy[2]:   0 ; 0x01c: 0x0000
……

因为kfed默认每个block为4k，这里提示256是ok的，255是损坏的，从而推测出来，很可能oracleasm createdisk损坏了1M的数据。由于默认au是1m，而且数据库版本是11.2.0.3，而且第256个blkn开始没有损坏，因此初步判断可以考虑使用备份asm disk header来恢复磁盘头
检查还原磁盘头的asm disk

[grid@xifenfei1 disks]$ kfed read DATA1
kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: disk=0
kfbh.check:                  2776451033 ; 0x00c: 0xa57d47d9
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:    ORCLDISKDATA1 ; 0x000: length=13
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1096040772 ; 0x008: 0x41544144
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:           49 ; 0x00c: 0x00000031
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                186646528 ; 0x020: 0x0b200000
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:               DATA_0000 ; 0x028: length=9
kfdhdb.grpname:                    DATA ; 0x048: length=4
kfdhdb.fgname:                DATA_0000 ; 0x068: length=9
kfdhdb.capname:                         ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi:             32994099 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0x13 DAYS=0x19 MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7dd
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo:           2797442048 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x365 SECS=0x2b MINS=0x29
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi:             33022061 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0xd DAYS=0x3 MNTH=0x8 YEAR=0x7df
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo:            816879616 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x26 SECS=0xb MINS=0xc
kfdhdb.secsize:                     512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize:                    4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
…………

证明磁盘头确实被比较完美的修复了，现在的任务是尝试mount磁盘组
mount磁盘组

[grid@xifenfei1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Aug 6 20:54:53 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> alter diskgroup data mount;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

asm diskgroup已经正常mount，使用asmcmd命令检查文件是否正常
分析磁盘组数据是否正常

[grid@xifenfei1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576   1622060   636493                0          636493              0             N  DATA/
ASMCMD> cd data
ASMCMD> ls
ORCL/
ASMCMD> cd orcl
ASMCMD> ls
CONTROLFILE/
DATAFILE/
ONLINELOG/
PARAMETERFILE/
TEMPFILE/
spfileorcl.ora
ASMCMD> cd datafile
ASMCMD> ls
XIFENFEI20130801.314.835191517
XIFENFEI20140101.321.835191571
XIFENFEI20140201.322.835191573
XIFENFEI20140301.323.835191573
…………
SYSAUX.270.835182535
SYSAUX.838.874669369
SYSTEM.271.835182533
SYSTEM.823.873555791
SYSTEM.945.883146947
…………

这里看到磁盘组里面的数据文件都正常，使用同样的方法，继续mount其他磁盘组。
尝试启动数据库

SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 5010685952 bytes
Fixed Size                  2236968 bytes
Variable Size            2013269464 bytes
Database Buffers         2986344448 bytes
Redo Buffers                8835072 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-16038: 日志 14 sequence# 21145 无法归档
ORA-19504: 无法创建文件""
ORA-00312: 联机日志 14 线程 2: '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_14.284.835184569'
ORA-00312: 联机日志 14 线程 2: '+ARCH/orcl/onlinelog/group_14.287.835184569'

查看数据库alert日志

ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
ARC2: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC2: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
Thu Aug 06 21:04:06 2015
Thread 2 advanced to log sequence 21146 (thread recovery)
Picked broadcast on commit scheme to generate SCNs
Thread 2 advanced to log sequence 21147 (before internal thread enable)
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ora_27402.trc:
ORA-19816: 警告: 文件可能存在于数据库未知的 db_recovery_file_dest 中。
ORA-17502: ksfdcre: 4 未能创建文件 +ARCH
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:19572] [check_kfbh] [1] [47962] [1344818371 != 630731762]
ORA-15130: diskgroup "ARCH" is being dismounted
ORA-15066: offlining disk "ARCH_0000" in group "ARCH" may result in a data loss
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26076] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [1] [0 != 1]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26076] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [1] [0 != 1]
ARCH: Error 19504 Creating archive log file to '+ARCH'
NOTE: Deferred communication with ASM instance
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ora_27402.trc:
ORA-15130: diskgroup "ARCH" is being dismounted
NOTE: deferred map free for map id 754
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ora_27402.trc:
ORA-16038: 日志 14 sequence# 21145 无法归档
ORA-19504: 无法创建文件""
ORA-00312: 联机日志 14 线程 2: '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_14.284.835184569'
ORA-00312: 联机日志 14 线程 2: '+ARCH/orcl/onlinelog/group_14.287.835184569'
ORA-16038 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
Thu Aug 06 21:04:10 2015
SUCCESS: diskgroup ARCH was dismounted
SUCCESS: diskgroup ARCH was dismounted
Thu Aug 06 21:04:10 2015
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_27353.trc:
ORA-00206: error in writing (block 3, # blocks 1) of control file
ORA-00202: control file: '+ARCH/orcl/controlfile/current.256.835182531'
ORA-15078: ASM diskgroup was forcibly dismounted
ORA-15078: ASM diskgroup was forcibly dismounted
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_27353.trc:
ORA-00221: error on write to control file
ORA-00206: error in writing (block 3, # blocks 1) of control file
ORA-00202: control file: '+ARCH/orcl/controlfile/current.256.835182531'
ORA-15078: ASM diskgroup was forcibly dismounted
ORA-15078: ASM diskgroup was forcibly dismounted
Thu Aug 06 21:04:10 2015
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=27353 (CKPT)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_diag_27318.trc
CKPT (ospid: 27353): terminating the instance due to error 221
Instance terminated by CKPT, pid = 27353

查看asm alert日志

Thu Aug 06 21:04:07 2015
WARNING: cache read  a corrupt block: group=2(ARCH) dsk=0 blk=1 disk=0 (ARCH_0000) incarn=3942486752 au=0 blk=1 count=1
Errors in file /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_ora_27462.trc:
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26076] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [1] [0 != 1]
NOTE: a corrupted block from group ARCH was dumped to /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_ora_27462.trc
WARNING: cache read (retry) a corrupt block: group=2(ARCH) dsk=0 blk=1 disk=0 (ARCH_0000) incarn=3942486752 au=0 blk=1 count=1
Errors in file /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_ora_27462.trc:
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26076] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [1] [0 != 1]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26076] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [1] [0 != 1]
ERROR: cache failed to read group=2(ARCH) dsk=0 blk=1 from disk(s): 0(ARCH_0000)
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26076] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [1] [0 != 1]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26076] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [1] [0 != 1]
NOTE: cache initiating offline of disk 0 group ARCH
NOTE: process _user27462_+asm1 (27462) initiating offline of disk 0.3942486752 (ARCH_0000) with mask 0x7e in group 2
WARNING: Disk 0 (ARCH_0000) in group 2 in mode 0x7f is now being taken offline on ASM inst 1
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 2, dsk = 0/0xeafd92e0, mask = 0x6a, op = clear
Thu Aug 06 21:04:07 2015
GMON updating disk modes for group 2 at 17 for pid 35, osid 27462
ERROR: Disk 0 cannot be offlined, since diskgroup has external redundancy.
ERROR: too many offline disks in PST (grp 2)
Thu Aug 06 21:04:07 2015
NOTE: cache dismounting (not clean) group 2/0x723D6245 (ARCH)
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 27089, image: oracle@xifenfei1 (B000)
WARNING: Offline of disk 0 (ARCH_0000) in group 2 and mode 0x7f failed on ASM inst 1
Thu Aug 06 21:04:07 2015
NOTE: halting all I/Os to diskgroup 2 (ARCH)
System State dumped to trace file /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_ora_27462.trc
NOTE: AMDU dump of disk group ARCH created at /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace
Thu Aug 06 21:04:09 2015
NOTE: LGWR doing non-clean dismount of group 2 (ARCH)
NOTE: LGWR sync ABA=126.806 last written ABA 126.806

这里可以看出来,报错的block为arch磁盘组的第一个磁盘的第一个au的第二个block，而我们在开始的时候，已经分析了asm disk的第一个au完全损坏，并且我们使用了备份磁盘头进行来还原，勉强可以让磁盘组mount起来，但是由于数据库在启动的时候，需要对redo进行归档，而归档的过程需要写到arch磁盘组里面，这个时候需要访问到au=0 blk=1,而这个块本身是坏的，因此这个时候该块盘的disk就被offline掉了，而这个磁盘组是外部冗余的，因此磁盘组dismount了，所以数据库无法启动.

分析第一个au里面到底有哪些东西

SQL> select DISK_NUMBER,path from v$asm_disk;

DISK_NUMBER PATH
----------- --------------------------------------------------
          0 /dev/raw/raw1
          2 /dev/raw/raw3
          1 /dev/raw/raw2

[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw1 blkn=1|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            2 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_FREESPC
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw1 blkn=2|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw1 blkn=3|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw1 blkn=255|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw2 blkn=1|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            2 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_FREESPC
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw2 blkn=2|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw2 blkn=255|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw3 blkn=1|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            2 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_FREESPC
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw3 blkn=2|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL
[oracle@xifenfei raw]$ kfed read raw3 blkn=255|grep kfbh.type
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL

通过一个测试机器的一个磁盘组进行分析，我们可以基本上确定asm 第一个au除了asm disk header的KFBTYP_DISKHEAD之外，其他主要是KFBTYP_FREESPC(Free Space Table)和KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL(allocator table)，主要就是记录asm中au的分配情况，也就是进一步说明，如果我不对asm里面的数据使用更多的au分配或者回收au，在缺少第一个au的1-255个block的信息情况下，asm的磁盘组也不会dismount。根据这个思路，让数据库归档到本地，然后继续测试

继续open数据库

SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 5010685952 bytes
Fixed Size                  2236968 bytes
Variable Size            2013269464 bytes
Database Buffers         2986344448 bytes
Redo Buffers                8835072 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Fri Aug 07 02:43:13 2015
ARC1 started with pid=34, OS id=22778 
Fri Aug 07 02:43:13 2015
ARC2 started with pid=35, OS id=22780 
Fri Aug 07 02:43:13 2015
ARC3 started with pid=36, OS id=22782 
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
ARC2: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC2: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
Fri Aug 07 02:43:24 2015
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 18604
  Current log# 10 seq# 18604 mem# 0: /tmp/xifenfei/otherfile/group_10.273.835182533
  Current log# 10 seq# 18604 mem# 1: /tmp/xifenfei/otherfile/group_10.263.835182533
Successful open of redo thread 1
Fri Aug 07 02:43:24 2015
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Fri Aug 07 02:43:25 2015
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Instance recovery: looking for dead threads
Instance recovery: lock domain invalid but no dead threads
Fri Aug 07 02:43:26 2015
minact-scn: Inst 1 is now the master inc#:2 mmon proc-id:21328 status:0x7
minact-scn status: grec-scn:0x0000.00000000 gmin-scn:0x0000.00000000 gcalc-scn:0x0000.00000000
Fri Aug 07 02:43:26 2015
Redo thread 2 internally disabled at seq 21147 (CKPT)
[21341] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:96999124 end:97000624 diff:1500 (15 seconds)
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
No Resource Manager plan active
Starting background process GTX0
Fri Aug 07 02:43:31 2015
GTX0 started with pid=37, OS id=22803 
Starting background process RCBG
Fri Aug 07 02:43:31 2015
RCBG started with pid=38, OS id=22805 
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Fri Aug 07 02:43:34 2015
Archived Log entry 73876 added for thread 2 sequence 21145 ID 0x513c613f dest 1: <---果然有归档操作发生
Starting background process QMNC
Fri Aug 07 02:43:34 2015
QMNC started with pid=39, OS id=22812 
Fri Aug 07 02:43:35 2015
Archived Log entry 73877 added for thread 2 sequence 21146 ID 0x513c613f dest 1:
Fri Aug 07 02:43:35 2015
ARC0: Archiving disabled thread 2 sequence 21147
Archived Log entry 73878 added for thread 2 sequence 21147 ID 0x513c613f dest 1:
Fri Aug 07 02:43:37 2015
Completed: alter database open

现在到了这一步，基本上可以确定，数据库是零丢失恢复。由于asm 第一个au丢失数据严重，想要彻底修复比较难，考虑把数据库启动到mount/read only状态然后使用rman备份数据，然后进行重建asm 磁盘组，再迁移回来。至此完美恢复asmlib的磁盘被oracleasm重写的故障恢复，实现数据0丢失.当然在整个恢复过程没有于此的简单,涉及到在votedisk损坏的情况下,如何mount磁盘组，vote diskgroup的损坏修复问题,磁盘组在10g/11.1和11.2还原磁盘头备份的问题等问题.
虽然本次的恢复案例中，由于asmlib的asm disk不可见就轻易使用oracleasm createdisk命令对磁盘进行了重建，犯了一个很大错误，但是在重建之后，发现磁盘组依旧异常，未继续操作(比如重建磁盘组等)，为最后的数据完全恢复创造了必要条件，使得客户的没有任何数据损失。如果再对除磁盘组继续复写操作，可能会导致数据永久性丢失。这个教训告诉我们：遇到自己不能把握的事情，及时终止，不要让错误越走越远

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