分类目录归档:Oracle备份恢复

ORACLE 8.0.5 ORA-01207故障恢复

朋友和我说,他的数据库ORACLE 8.0.5出现ORA-01207,进行了尝试恢复但是别未成功,让我协助其完成恢复
数据库版本

SVRMGR> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle8 Release 8.0.5.0.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 8.0.5.0.0 - Production
CORE Version 4.0.5.0.0 - Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 8.0.5.0.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 3.3.2.0.0 - Production
5 rows selected.

open数据库报ORA-01207错误

SVRMGR> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\SYS1ORCL.ORA'
ORA-01207: file is more recent than controlfile - old controlfile

出现该错误的原因是因为控制文件里面的scn或者checkpoint_time>数据文件中的对应值,从而出现该错误,解决方法重建控制文件或者执行recover using backup controlfile 之类命令

重建控制文件,并open报ORA-600[4147]

SVRMGR> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Statement processed.
SVRMGR> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SVRMGR> STARTUP NOMOUNT
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area                         15077376 bytes
Fixed Size                                          49152 bytes
Variable Size                                    12906496 bytes
Database Buffers                                  2048000 bytes
Redo Buffers                                        73728 bytes
SVRMGR> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
     2>     MAXLOGFILES 32
     3>     MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
     4>     MAXDATAFILES 32
     5>     MAXINSTANCES 16
     6>     MAXLOGHISTORY 3260
     7> LOGFILE
     8>   GROUP 1 'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\LOG4ORCL.ORA'  SIZE 1M,
     9>   GROUP 2 'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\LOG3ORCL.ORA'  SIZE 1M,
    10>   GROUP 3 'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\LOG2ORCL.ORA'  SIZE 1M,
    11>   GROUP 4 'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\LOG1ORCL.ORA'  SIZE 1M
    12> DATAFILE
    13>   'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\SYS1ORCL.ORA',
    14>   'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\USR1ORCL.ORA',
    15>   'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\RBS1ORCL.ORA',
    16>   'D:\ORANT\DATABASE\TMP1ORCL.ORA'
    17> ;
Statement processed.
SVRMGR> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 46960617 generated at 01/31/14 18:51:49 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\ORANT\RDBMS80\ARC12900.1
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
D:\ORANT\DATABASE\LOG3ORCL.ORA
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SVRMGR> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4147], [16], [1], [], [], [], [], []

The ORA-600[4147] basically indicates some kind of corruption with the UNDO (rollback segment)block, most probably due to a lost write to the rollback segment.
ORA-600[4147]是因为回滚段坏块导致(具体是因为undoblock的scn无效),解决方法是用dul找出来回滚段,并屏蔽之

继续恢复报ORA-00600[3668]

SVRMGR> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SVRMGR> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area                         15077376 bytes
Fixed Size                                          49152 bytes
Variable Size                                    12906496 bytes
Database Buffers                                  2048000 bytes
Redo Buffers                                        73728 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [3668], [1], [2], [17232], [17232], [4], [], []

ORA-00600[3668]是因为在ORACLE 7.0到9.2的版本中The FIRST time an attempt has been made to start an instance after a CREATE CONTROLFILE command has been issued.
At least one data file needs MEDIA RECOVERY.在9.2.0.x及其以后版本报:ORA-1113: file needs media recovery.
通过重建控制文件,执行recover database,再open数据库恢复成功

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关于dul有效期描述

dul是oracle内部工具,用于在数据库不open启动下挖取数据文件内容,从而最小程度减少数据损失.主要可以恢复如下情况:
1.用于异常断电,强制关闭数据库等故障导致数据库使用隐含参数,bbed等各种非常规数据库恢复方法无法正常open的数据库恢复
2.用于恢复无truncate,drop表恢复
3.用于丢失system表空间文件数据库恢复
4.用于大量坏块数据库恢复
5.用于丢失部分非system数据文件恢复
关于dul的相关使用文档请参考:ORACLE DUL汇总,因为dul是oracle内部工具,不需要数据库open就可以获得数据,为了数据安全,dul软件增加了有效期,本文就是对于dul的有效期进行了描述
关于dul的有效期
熟悉dul的人都清楚,dul从10开始就有有效期之说,一般的有效期是1到2个月,极少数情况会到3个月的有效期.通过试验验证

--使用上一期dul,在未修改系统时间的情况下提示过期
e:\dul10>dul

Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.25 - Internal Only - on Sat Jan 25 16:17:41 2014
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2013 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


Cannot start now
You need a more recent DUL version for this os

--修改系统时间,提示加载成功
e:\dul10>dul

Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.25 - Internal Only - on Sat Dec 21 16:21:16 2013
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2013 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


--配置dul挖取数据文件,dul又提示和以前一样错误
e:\dul10>dul

Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.25 - Internal Only - on Sat Dec 21 16:19:49 2013
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2013 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


Cannot open file now
You need a more recent DUL version for this os

--使用最新版dul,在不修改系统时间和配置挖取文件的情况下均正常使用
e:\dul10>dul

Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.26 - Internal Only - on Sat Jan 25 16:22:15 2014
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


e:\dul10>dul

Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.26 - Internal Only - on Sat Jan 25 16:22:39 2014
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


Found db_id = 4156511432
Found db_name = ORA10G

这里可以知道dul是通过系统时间和数据文件头时间两重保证该软件安全,不能通过修改系统时间来破解

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使用DUL挖数据文件恢复非数据外对象方法

在dul进行数据库挖掘恢复的时候,我们可以通过unload table/user等方式来恢复表数据,但是对于一些view,index,trigger,source,seq,Dblink等不能直接通过unload来实现,但是可以通过挖基表来实现相关操作,这里提供了一些处理思路,在实际操作中根据需求,分析数据字典灵活应用
一.view
导出对象

USER$
OBJ$
COL$
VIEW$

执行sql语句

Set pages 10000
Set long 1000
Spool d:\create_view.sql
select 
  'CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW '||O.NAME||' ('||
   replace(c.cols,',',','||chr(10))||')'||CHR(10)||
  'as'||chr(10), v.text
from
user$ u, obj$ o, view$ v,
( SELECT COL.OBJ#, COL.COLS
  FROM
  (SELECT 
    OBJ#, COL#, substr(SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(NAME,','),2) COLS
  FROM COL$
  WHERE COL# > 0
  START WITH COL# = 1
  CONNECT BY PRIOR OBJ# = OBJ# AND PRIOR COL# = COL# - 1 ) COL,
  (SELECT OBJ#, COUNT(*) COLCNT FROM COL$ 
  WHERE COL# > 0 GROUP BY OBJ#) CN
  WHERE COL.OBJ# = CN.OBJ# AND COL.COL# = CN.COLCNT
) C
where u.user#=o.owner# and o.obj# = c.obj#
  and v.obj# = o.obj# and u.name=upper('&username');

说明
1) 分布执行,不能放置一个脚本文件中执行
2) 每条as后面的select语句可能需要重新格式化
3) Create view 语句最后需要增加”;”

二.source
导出对象

USER$
SOURCE$
OBJ$

执行sql语句

Set pages 10000
Set long 1000
set linse 1000
Spool d:\create_source.sql
SELECT DECODE(S.LINE,1,'CREATE OR REPLACE ','')||SOURCE SOURCE
FROM 
  USER$ U, OBJ$  O, SOURCE$ S
WHERE 
  U.USER# = O.OWNER# AND 
  O.OBJ# = S.OBJ# AND
  U.NAME = UPPER('&username')
  -- AND O.NAME = UPPER('&SOURCE_NAME')
ORDER BY S.OBJ#, S.LINE;

说明
1) 注意SOURCE中的用户名,如果导入不是相同用户,需要修改该脚本用户名
2) 修改完用户名后,直接执行生成脚本即可

三.Index
导出对象

USER$
OBJ$
COL$
IND$
ICOL$

执行sql

Set pages 10000
Set long 1000
set linse 1000
Spool d:\create_index.sql
SELECT 
  'CREATE '||decode(bitand(IDX.property, 1), 1, 'UNIQUE', '')||
  ' INDEX '||I.NAME||' ON '||T.NAME||'('||IDX.PATH||');' INDEX_DDL
FROM 
  USER$ U, OBJ$  T, OBJ$ I, 
  (
    select I.PROPERTY, I.BO#, I.OBJ#, C.POS#,
            SUBSTR(sys_connect_by_path(CN.NAME,','),2) path
    from IND$ I, ICOL$ C, COL$ CN
    WHERE I.OBJ# = C.OBJ# AND I.BO# = C.BO#
      AND I.BO# = CN.OBJ# AND C.COL# = CN.INTCOL#
    start with C.POS#=1 
    connect by PRIOR I.OBJ# = I.OBJ# 
            AND prior C.POS# = C.POS# - 1 ) IDX,
  (SELECT I.BO#, I.OBJ#, COUNT(*) COLCNT 
    FROM ICOL$ I GROUP BY I.BO#, I.OBJ#) IDXC
WHERE 
  U.USER# = T.OWNER# AND 
  IDX.BO# = T.OBJ# AND
  IDX.OBJ# = I.OBJ# AND
  IDX.BO# =  IDXC.BO# AND
  IDX.OBJ# = IDXC.OBJ# AND
  IDX.POS# = IDXC.COLCNT AND
  U.NAME = upper('&username')
ORDER BY T.NAME, I.NAME;

说明
1) 因为SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH所以需要10g及其以上版本
2) SQL中没有分区唯一性索引
3) 注意检查sql是否因为行长度不够导致异常

四.Sequence
导出对象

USER$
OBJ$
SEQ$

执行sql语句

Set pages 10000
Set long 1000
set linse 1000
Spool d:\create_sequence.sql
SELECT 
  'CREATE SEQUENCE '|| SEQ_NAME || 
  ' MINVALUE '||minval ||
  ' MAXVALUE '||MAXVAL ||
  ' START WITH '||LASTVAL ||
  ' ' || CYC || ' ' || ORD ||
  DECODE(SIGN(CACHE), 1,' CACHE '|| CACHE, 'NOCACHE') ||
  ';' SEQ_DDL
from
  (select u.name OWNER, o.name SEQ_NAME,
      s.minvalue MINVAL, s.maxvalue MAXVAL, 
      s.increment$ INC,
      decode (s.cycle#, 0, 'NOCYCLE', 1, 'CYCLE ') CYC,
      decode (s.order$, 0, 'NOORDER', 1, 'ORDER') ORD,
      s.cache, s.highwater LASTVAL
  from seq$ s, obj$ o, user$ u
  where u.user# = o.owner#
    and o.obj# = s.obj# 
and u.name=upper('&username'));

五.TRIGGER
导出对象

OBJ$
USER$
TRIGGER$

执行sql语句

Set pages 10000
Set long 1000
set linse 1000
Spool d:\create_trigger.sql
select
   'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER '|| trigger_name || chr(10)||
   decode( substr( trigger_type, 1, 1 ), 
           'A', 'AFTER ', 'B', 'BEFORE ', 'I', 
           'INSTEAD OF ' ) ||
   triggering_event || ' ON ' || table_owner || '.' ||
   table_name || chr(10) || REF_CLAUSE || chr(10) ||
   decode( instr( trigger_type, 'EACH ROW' ), 0, null,
           'FOR EACH ROW' ), trigger_body
from  (
   select trigusr.name owner, trigobj.name trigger_name,
      decode(t.type#, 0, 'BEFORE STATEMENT',
           1, 'BEFORE EACH ROW',   2, 'AFTER STATEMENT',
           3, 'AFTER EACH ROW',    4, 'INSTEAD OF',
           'UNDEFINED') trigger_type,
   decode(t.insert$*100 + t.update$*10 + t.delete$,
           100, 'INSERT', 010, 'UPDATE', 001, 'DELETE',
           110, 'INSERT OR UPDATE', 101, 'INSERT OR DELETE',
           011, 'UPDATE OR DELETE',
           111, 'INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE', 
           'ERROR') triggering_event,
   tabusr.name table_owner, tabobj.name table_name, 
   'REFERENCING NEW AS '||t.refnewname||' OLD AS '||t.refoldname REF_CLAUSE,
   t.whenclause,decode(t.enabled, 0, 'DISABLED', 1, 'ENABLED', 'ERROR') STATUS,
   t.definition , t.action# trigger_body
   from obj$ trigobj, obj$ tabobj, trigger$ t,
        user$ tabusr, user$ trigusr
   where (trigobj.obj#   = t.obj# and
       tabobj.obj#    = t.baseobject and
       tabobj.owner#  = tabusr.user# and
       trigobj.owner# = trigusr.user# and
       bitand(t.property, 63)     < 8 ))
where table_owner=upper('&username')
order by owner, trigger_name;

六. Dblink
导出对象

Sys.link$
sys.user$

执行查询sql

SELECT 'CREATE '||DECODE(U.NAME,'PUBLIC','public ')||'DATABASE LINK '||CHR(10)
||DECODE(U.NAME,'PUBLIC',Null, 'SYS','',U.NAME||'.')|| L.NAME||chr(10)
||'CONNECT TO ' || L.USERID || ' IDENTIFIED BY "'||L.PASSWORD||'" USING
'''||L.HOST||''''
||chr(10)||';' TEXT
FROM SYS.LINK$ L, SYS.USER$ U
WHERE L.OWNER# = U.USER#;
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