月归档：二月 2018

ORA-12754: Feature ‘startup’ is disabled due to missing capability ‘Runtime Environment’

发表于 2018 年 2 月 28 日 由 惜分飞

ORACLE 18C启动报ORA-12754
从http://edelivery.oracle.com网上可以下载oracle 18c for exadata,在普通的linux平台可以正常安装,但是无法正常启动实例(dbca无法创建库),报错信息为:ORA-12754: Feature ‘startup’ is disabled due to missing capability ‘Runtime Environment’.
dbca-12754

由于普通的linux而非真实oracle一体机,而该版本中做了限制,因此无法启动数据库.根据oracle的作风,对于引进的新特性,oracle一般都提供隐含参数或者event控制,通过分析确定有_exadata_feature_on参数进行控制.
修改脚本创建库参数
由于我们无法在dbca图形化的界面中增加新参数,因此可以通过生成创建库脚本,然后通过修改参数文件,增加_exadata_feature_on=true

[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$ ls -ltr *.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2252 Feb 28 09:22 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2264 Feb 28 09:28 initxffdbTempOMF.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2386 Feb 28 09:29 initxffdbTemp.ora

然后重新执行xffdb.sh脚本创建库

[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$ sh xffdb.sh
You should Add this entry in the /etc/oratab: xffdb:/u02/soft:Y

SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 Production on Wed Feb 28 09:29:48 2018
Version 18.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter new password for SYS: 
Enter new password for SYSTEM: 

Enter password for SYS: 

Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> spool /u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/CloneRmanRestore.log append
SQL> startup mount pfile="/u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/initxffdbTempOMF.ora";
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2432694552 bytes
Fixed Size                  8898840 bytes
Variable Size             654311424 bytes
Database Buffers         1761607680 bytes
Redo Buffers                7876608 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> execute dbms_backup_restore.resetCfileSection(dbms_backup_restore.RTYP_DFILE_COPY);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> execute dbms_backup_restore.resetCfileSection(13);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> host /u02/soft/bin/rman @/u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/rmanRestoreDatafiles.sql &&sysPassword;

Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Feb 28 09:30:08 2018
Version 18.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

RMAN> connect target *
2>  
3> CATALOG START WITH   '/u02/soft/assistants/dbca/templates//Seed_Database.dfb'  NOPROMPT  ;
4> 
5> RUN {  
6> 
7> set newname for datafile 1 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/system01.dbf' ; 
8> 
9> set newname for datafile 3 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/sysaux01.dbf' ; 
10> 
11> set newname for datafile 4 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/undotbs01.dbf' ; 
12> 
13> set newname for datafile 7 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/users01.dbf' ; 
14> 
15> restore datafile 1; 
16> 
17> restore datafile 3; 
18> 
19> restore datafile 4; 
20> 
21> restore datafile 7; }
22> 
connected to target database: SEEDDATA (DBID=1214140, not open)

……………………
SQL> set echo on
SQL> spool /u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/postPDBCreation.log append
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME from cdb_tablespaces a,dba_pdbs b where a.con_id=b.con_id and UPPER(b.pdb_name)=UPPER('pdb');

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS

SQL> connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=pdb;

Session altered.

SQL> set echo on
SQL> spool /u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/postPDBCreation.log append
SQL> Select count(*) from dba_registry where comp_id = 'DV' and status='VALID';

  COUNT(*)
----------
         1

SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

Session altered.

SQL> exit;
Disconnected from Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.1.0.0.0
[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$

登录oracle 18c

[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 Production on Wed Feb 28 09:40:08 2018
Version 18.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.1.0.0.0

SQL> set lines 150 
SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY                                                                        CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.1.0.0.0
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production                    0

SQL> col name for a52
SQL> col value for a24
SQL> col description for a50
SQL> set linesize 150
SQL> select a.ksppinm name,b.ksppstvl value,a.ksppdesc description
  2    from x$ksppi a,x$ksppcv b
  3   where a.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
  4     and b.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
  5     and a.indx = b.indx
  6     and upper(a.ksppinm) LIKE upper('%&param%')
  7  order by name
  8  /
Enter value for param: _exadata_feature_on
old   6:    and upper(a.ksppinm) LIKE upper('%&param%')
new   6:    and upper(a.ksppinm) LIKE upper('%_exadata_feature_on%')

NAME                                                 VALUE                    DESCRIPTION
---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------------
_exadata_feature_on                                  TRUE                     Exadata Feature On

SQL> show parameter name;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name                     string
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      xffdb
db_unique_name                       string      xffdb
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      xffdb
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
pdb_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      xffdb
SQL>
发表在 ORACLE 18C | 标签为 , | 评论关闭

OSD-04016: 异步 I/O 请求排队时出错

发表于 2018 年 2 月 27 日 由 惜分飞

有某客户由于硬件故障，导致数据库无法启动，让我们介入处理
数据库启动报错

Mon Feb 26 17:28:24 2018
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
 parallel recovery started with 3 processes
Started redo scan
Completed redo scan
 read 2054 KB redo, 509 data blocks need recovery
Started redo application at
 Thread 1: logseq 41341, block 54
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 41341 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: E:\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG
Completed redo application of 1.77MB
KCF: read, write or open error, block=0x16439 online=1
        file=1 'E:\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF'
        error=27070 txt: 'OSD-04016: 异步 I/O 请求排队时出错。
O/S-Error: (OS 1) 函数不正确。'
Errors in file d:\oracle\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_dbw0_4928.trc:
ORA-01243: system tablespace file suffered media failure
ORA-01114: IO error writing block to file 1 (block # 91193)
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'E:\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF'
ORA-27070: async read/write failed
OSD-04016: 异步 I/O 请求排队时出错。
O/S-Error: (OS 1) 函数不正确。
DBW0 (ospid: 4928): terminating the instance due to error 1243
Mon Feb 26 17:28:29 2018
Instance terminated by DBW0, pid = 4928

20180227223540

这里错误比较明显，由于io错误，在数据库实例恢复之时，写回block正好在该损坏位置从而使得数据库无法正常实例恢复,进而无法open.

dbv验证文件
通过专业工具对system文件进行了重构system文件,然后dbv检查结果如下


DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期二 2月 27 17:20:14 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


DBVERIFY - 开始验证: FILE = D:\OK\SYSTEM01.DBF
页 91156 标记为损坏
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00416414 (file 1, block 91156)
Bad header found during dbv: 
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 6 rdba: 0xe1d9e3e7
 last change scn: 0xd682.ffc8c7cb seq: 0x8c flg: 0x8c
 spare1: 0xc0 spare2: 0xf6 spare3: 0x70b3
 consistency value in tail: 0x71f50602
 check value in block header: 0x8195
 computed block checksum: 0x8689


DBVERIFY - 验证完成

检查的页总数: 215040
处理的页总数 (数据): 178112
失败的页总数 (数据): 0
处理的页总数 (索引): 19070
失败的页总数 (索引): 0
处理的页总数 (其他): 3118
处理的总页数 (段)  : 1
失败的总页数 (段)  : 0
空的页总数: 14739
标记为损坏的总页数: 1
流入的页总数: 0
加密的总页数        : 0
最高块 SCN            : 1638554501 (0.1638554501)

这里比较明显重构出来的system文件只有block 91156坏块,这里注意和没有处理之前的坏块不一样

通过dump分析坏块所属对象

Start dump data block from file D:\OK\SYSTEM01.DBF minblk 91156 maxblk 91156
 V10 STYLE FILE HEADER:
	Compatibility Vsn = 186646528=0xb200000
	Db ID=1383974140=0x527dc4fc, Db Name='ORCL'
	Activation ID=0=0x0
	Control Seq=806694=0xc4f26, File size=215040=0x34800
	File Number=1, Blksiz=8192, File Type=3 DATA
Dump all the blocks in range:
buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0xe1d9e3e7 (903/1696743)
scn: 0xd682.ffc8c7cb seq: 0x8c flg: 0x8c tail: 0x71f50602
frmt: 0x06 chkval: 0x8195 type: 0xe5=unknown
Hex dump of corrupt header 4 = CORRUPT

Start dump data block from file D:\OK\SYSTEM01.DBF minblk 91155 maxblk 91155
 V10 STYLE FILE HEADER:
	Compatibility Vsn = 186646528=0xb200000
	Db ID=1383974140=0x527dc4fc, Db Name='ORCL'
	Activation ID=0=0x0
	Control Seq=806694=0xc4f26, File size=215040=0x34800
	File Number=1, Blksiz=8192, File Type=3 DATA
Dump all the blocks in range:
buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0x00416413 (1/91155)
scn: 0x0000.613ad8d6 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x06 tail: 0xd8d60601
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xcc5f type: 0x06=trans data
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1

Block header dump:  0x00416413
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x25  csc: 0x00.613ad8ce  itc: 2  flg: -  typ: 2 - INDEX
     fsl: 0  fnx: 0x0 ver: 0x01
 
 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x0009.000.0016fda0  0x00c0130e.6f38.01  CB--    0  scn 0x0000.3e6ed294
0x02   0x0009.008.0023e862  0x00c002cf.a217.13  --U-    1  fsc 0x0000.613ad8d6


Start dump data block from file D:\OK\SYSTEM01.DBF minblk 91157 maxblk 91157
 V10 STYLE FILE HEADER:
	Compatibility Vsn = 186646528=0xb200000
	Db ID=1383974140=0x527dc4fc, Db Name='ORCL'
	Activation ID=0=0x0
	Control Seq=806694=0xc4f26, File size=215040=0x34800
	File Number=1, Blksiz=8192, File Type=3 DATA
Dump all the blocks in range:
buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0x00416415 (1/91157)
scn: 0x0000.6193dc0c seq: 0x01 flg: 0x06 tail: 0xdc0c0601
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x8c21 type: 0x06=trans data
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1

Block header dump:  0x00416415
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x25  csc: 0x00.6193dc04  itc: 2  flg: -  typ: 2 - INDEX
     fsl: 0  fnx: 0x0 ver: 0x01
 
 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x0006.00c.001ee103  0x00c008a5.8dbd.02  C---    0  scn 0x0000.57303e03
0x02   0x000b.00f.00053100  0x00c008af.1563.09  --U-    1  fsc 0x0000.6193dc0c

这里比较明显，可以确定坏块为index，object_id=0×25=37,通过查询其他库，确定为i_obj2(obj$的index)

使用该文件启动数据库

SQL> alter database rename file 'E:\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF' to 'd:\orcl\SYSTEM01.DBF';

数据库已更改。

SQL> recover database;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

检查alert日志
发现smon进程由于坏块的存储，出现大量报错,需要处理,不然数据库一段时间后就会crash.

Tue Feb 27 20:31:23 2018
QMNC started with pid=27, OS id=4652 
Completed: alter database open
Tue Feb 27 20:31:25 2018
Starting background process CJQ0
Tue Feb 27 20:31:25 2018
CJQ0 started with pid=30, OS id=2172 
Tue Feb 27 20:31:25 2018
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 3912 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Hex dump of (file 1, block 91156) in trace file d:\oracle\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_cjq0_2172.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00416414 (file 1, block 91156)
Bad header found during multiblock buffer read
Data in bad block:
 type: 229 format: 6 rdba: 0xe1d9e3e7
 last change scn: 0xd682.ffc8c7cb seq: 0x8c flg: 0x8c
 spare1: 0xc0 spare2: 0xf6 spare3: 0x70b3
 consistency value in tail: 0x71f50602
 check value in block header: 0x8195
 computed block checksum: 0x8689
Reading datafile 'D:\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF' for corruption at rdba: 0x00416414 (file 1, block 91156)
Reread (file 1, block 91156) found same corrupt data
Errors in file d:\oracle\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_smon_3992.trc  (incident=77085):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 91156)
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF'
Incident details in: d:\oracle\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_77085\orcl_smon_3992_i77085.trc
Errors in file d:\oracle\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_cjq0_2172.trc  (incident=77221):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 91156)
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF'
Incident details in: d:\oracle\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_77221\orcl_cjq0_2172_i77221.trc

重建i_obj2 index，参考：//www.xifenfei.com/?p=5566

发表在 Oracle备份恢复 | 标签为 , , | 评论关闭

18c新特性：alter system cancel sql

发表于 2018 年 2 月 25 日 由 惜分飞

根据18c官方描述cancel sql功能是在18c中引起,但是实测发现在oracle 12.2中已经有了cancel sql功能，可以实现终止掉某个sql的当前sql正在执行的sql语句,而不是传统的直接kill某个会话.ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL SQL语句有四个参数分别为：
cancel_sql

--会话1
SQL> set lines 150
SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.2.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0


SQL> select sid, serial# from v$session where sid in
  2  (select  sid from v$mystat where rownum=1);

       SID    SERIAL#
---------- ----------
       278       4019

SQL> create table t_xifenfei tablespace users as select * from dba_source;

Table created.

SQL> insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;

274132 rows created.                    <<===没有提交

SQL> select count(*)from t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
    548264

SQL> insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;

548264 rows created.     <<===没有提交

SQL> select count(*)from t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1096528

SQL> insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;


--会话2
SQL> select count(*)from t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
    274132

SQL> alter system cancel sql '278,4019';

System altered.

SQL> select count(*)from t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
    274132

--会话1
SQL> insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation

SQL> select count(*)from t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1096528

这里可以看到会话1的最后一个insert被cancel，但是前面两个没有提交的insert没有被回滚/提交，看到了cancel sql的功能的实现.

发表在 ORACLE 12C, ORACLE 18C | 标签为 , , | 评论关闭