分类目录归档:Oracle

ORA-600 kokiasg1故障分析(obj$中核心字典序列全部被恶意删除)

故障总结:客户正常关闭数据库,然后启动报ORA-600 kokiasg1错误,通过对启动分析确认是由于IDGEN1$序列丢失导致,修复该故障之后,数据库启动成功,但是后台大量报ORA-600 12803,ORA-600 15264等错误,业务用户无法登录.经过深入分析,发现数据库字典obj$中所有核心字典的序列全部被删除,但是在seq$中这些对象的obj#记录还存在.初步怀疑是有人恶意删除了obj$中字典核心序列对象导致.
数据库启动报ORA-600 kokiasg1错误

SQL> startup ;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 1.4531E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2295256 bytes
Variable Size            2181040680 bytes
Database Buffers         1.2314E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers               33193984 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kokiasg1], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], [], []
进程 ID: 5628
会话 ID: 122 序列号: 3

对应的alert日志信息

Thu Jul 03 16:35:25 2025
Shutting down instance (immediate)
Stopping background process SMCO
Shutting down instance: further logons disabled
Thu Jul 03 16:35:26 2025
Stopping background process CJQ0
Stopping background process QMNC
Stopping background process MMNL
Stopping background process MMON
License high water mark = 272
All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown
Thu Jul 03 16:35:54 2025
alter database close normal
Thu Jul 03 16:35:54 2025
SMON: disabling tx recovery
SMON: disabling cache recovery
Thu Jul 03 16:35:54 2025
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active
Thread 1 closed at log sequence 296590
Successful close of redo thread 1
Completed: alter database close normal
alter database dismount
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Completed: alter database dismount
ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Thu Jul 03 16:36:02 2025
Stopping background process VKTM
Thu Jul 03 16:36:07 2025
Instance shutdown complete
Thu Jul 03 16:36:19 2025
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers
from 640 to 270 due to the value of parameter processes (300)
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Initial number of CPU is 16
Number of processor cores in the system is 8
Number of processor sockets in the system is 1
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Autotune of undo retention is turned on. 
IMODE=BR
ILAT =52
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
Windows NT Version V6.2  
CPU                 : 16 - type 8664, 8 Physical Cores
Process Affinity    : 0x0x0000000000000000
Memory (Avail/Total): Ph:24712M/32767M, Ph+PgF:14089M/39123M 
System parameters with non-default values:
  processes                = 300
  sessions                 = 480
  nls_language             = "SIMPLIFIED CHINESE"
  nls_territory            = "CHINA"
  sga_target               = 13920M
  control_files            = "D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\orcl\CONTROL01.CTL"
  control_files            = "D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\orcl\CONTROL02.CTL"
  db_block_size            = 8192
  compatible               = "11.2.0.4.0"
  db_recovery_file_dest    = "D:\app\Administrator\fast_recovery_area"
  db_recovery_file_dest_size= 10G
  undo_tablespace          = "UNDOTBS1"
  remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
  db_domain                = ""
  dispatchers              = "(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)"
  job_queue_processes      = 10
  audit_file_dest          = "D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ADMIN\orcl\ADUMP"
  audit_trail              = "DB"
  db_name                  = "orcl"
  open_cursors             = 300
  pga_aggregate_target     = 4639M
  diagnostic_dest          = "D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR"
Thu Jul 03 16:36:20 2025
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=13088 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:20 2025
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=16168 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
VKTM started with pid=4, OS id=7948 at elevated priority
VKTM running at (10)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
GEN0 started with pid=5, OS id=4192 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
DIAG started with pid=6, OS id=8232 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
DBRM started with pid=7, OS id=16436 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=11400 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=11108 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=12232 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
DBW1 started with pid=11, OS id=7368 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
LGWR started with pid=12, OS id=13520 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
CKPT started with pid=13, OS id=11952 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
SMON started with pid=14, OS id=9304 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
RECO started with pid=15, OS id=17136 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
MMON started with pid=16, OS id=1984 
Thu Jul 03 16:36:21 2025
MMNL started with pid=17, OS id=2568 
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
ORACLE_BASE from environment = D:\app\Administrator
Thu Jul 03 16:36:22 2025
alter database mount exclusive
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 1287723014
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Completed: alter database mount exclusive
alter database open
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 296590
  Current log# 1 seq# 296590 mem# 0: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\orcl\REDO01.LOG
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
SMON: enabling cache recovery
[15144] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:3680275922 end:3680276032 diff:110 (1 seconds)
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
Errors in file D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_15144.trc  (incident=7579):
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kokiasg1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_7579\orcl_ora_15144_i7579.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_15144.trc:
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kokiasg1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Errors in file D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_15144.trc:
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kokiasg1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Error 600 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER (ospid: 15144): terminating the instance due to error 600
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 15144
ORA-1092 signalled during: alter database open...

对数据库启动过程进行跟踪确认报错可能和IDGEN1$对象有关系

PARSING IN CURSOR #615624160 len=30 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=752975051401
   hv=3013659460 ad='7ffbd8f025d0' sqlid='6d8vr86tu1ku4'
select TOTAL from SYS.ID_GENS$
END OF STMT
PARSE #615624160:c=15625,e=2775,p=2,cr=14,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=4,plh=1676180847,tim=752975051401
EXEC #615624160:c=0,e=6,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=4,plh=1676180847,tim=752975051452
WAIT #615624160: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 126 file#=1 block#=3440 blocks=1 obj#=514 tim=752975051594
WAIT #615624160: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 48 file#=1 block#=3441 blocks=1 obj#=514 tim=752975051671
FETCH #615624160:c=0,e=224,p=2,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=4,plh=1676180847,tim=752975051687
STAT #615624160 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=514 op='TABLE ACCESS FULL ID_GENS$ (cr=3 pr=2 pw=0 time=223 us)'
CLOSE #615624160:c=0,e=15,dep=1,type=0,tim=752975051716
BINDS #12720440:
 Bind#0
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=00 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=80 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=24b1b128  bln=22  avl=01  flg=05
  value=0
 Bind#1
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(07) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=0 off=24
  kxsbbbfp=24b1b140  bln=32  avl=07  flg=01
  value="IDGEN1$"
 Bind#2
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=00 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=0 off=56
  kxsbbbfp=24b1b160  bln=22  avl=02  flg=01
  value=1
EXEC #12720440:c=0,e=107,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=4,plh=2853959010,tim=752975051842
FETCH #12720440:c=0,e=5,p=0,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=4,plh=2853959010,tim=752975051856
CLOSE #12720440:c=0,e=0,dep=1,type=3,tim=752975051870
Incident 161 created, dump file: C:\APP\XFF\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\incident\incdir_161\orcl_ora_1880_i161.trc
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kokiasg1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kokiasg1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kokiasg1], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

从mos中确认当数据库缺少IDGEN1$序列的时候,启动会报ORA-600 kokiasg1错误.
ORA-600-kokiasg1


使用工具恢复obj$表到新库中

E:\dump>imp test/oracle file=SYS_OBJ$.dmp full=y

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 7月 5 09:34:42 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

经由常规路径由 EXPORT:V08.01.07 创建的导出文件

警告: 这些对象由 SYS 导出, 而不是当前用户

已经完成 ZHS16GBK 字符集和 AL16UTF16 NCHAR 字符集中的导入
导出服务器使用 UTF8 NCHAR 字符集 (可能的 ncharset 转换)
. 正在将 SYS 的对象导入到 TEST
. 正在将 SYS 的对象导入到 TEST
. . 正在导入表                          "OBJ$"导入了      103764 行
成功终止导入, 没有出现警告。

查询test.obj$表确认没有IDGEN1$对象名称记录

SQL> select * from test.obj$ where name='IDGEN1$';

未选定行

SQL>

查询正常obj$字典中关于IDGEN1$对象信息

SQL> select owner#, obj#,type# from obj$ where name='IDGEN1$';

    OWNER#       OBJ#      TYPE#
---------- ---------- ----------
         0       1229          6

在故障库恢复出来的test.obj$中查询obj#为1229附近对象

SQL> select owner#, obj#,type#,name from test.obj$ where obj# in(1228,1229,1230);

    OWNER#       OBJ#      TYPE# NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         0       1228          2 DST$TRIGGER_TABLE
         0       1230         13 BFILE

SQL> select owner#, obj#,type#,name from obj$ where obj# in(1228,1229,1230);

    OWNER#       OBJ#      TYPE# NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         0       1228          2 DST$TRIGGER_TABLE
         0       1229          6 IDGEN1$
         0       1230         13 BFILE

目前看初步判断故障库确实由于IDGEN1$序列丢失导致无法启动,处理过程相对比较简单,在数据库open的过程中,打开新会话创建IDGEN1$序列序列
11
22


然后重启数据库,即可正常启动成功,让看尝试登录数据库报ora-600 12803错误
ORA-600-12803

再次检查alert日志大量ORA-600错误

Fri Jul 04 15:57:13 2025
Errors in file C:\APP\XFF\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_27788.trc  (incident=12239):
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [12803], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Fri Jul 04 15:58:04 2025
Errors in file C:\APP\XFF\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\orcl_mmon_1976.trc  (incident=12184):
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [15264], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.

基于这样ORA-600错误,初步怀疑字典层面还有问题,因为最初的错误是序列异常,所以这次我重点对系统队列进行分析,通过dul把seq$表恢复到test用户中

E:\dump>imp test/oracle file=SYS_seq$.dmp full=y

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 7月 5 10:10:17 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

经由常规路径由 EXPORT:V08.01.07 创建的导出文件

警告: 这些对象由 SYS 导出, 而不是当前用户

已经完成 ZHS16GBK 字符集和 AL16UTF16 NCHAR 字符集中的导入
导出服务器使用 UTF8 NCHAR 字符集 (可能的 ncharset 转换)
. 正在将 SYS 的对象导入到 TEST
. 正在将 SYS 的对象导入到 TEST
. . 正在导入表                          "SEQ$"导入了         359 行
成功终止导入, 没有出现警告。

查询发现之前的序列(obj=1229)的竟然还在seq$中(obj$中没有了记录)

SQL> select * from test.seq$ where obj#=1229;

      OBJ# INCREMENT$   MINVALUE   MAXVALUE     CYCLE#     ORDER$      CACHE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
 HIGHWATER AUDIT$                                      FLAGS
---------- -------------------------------------- ----------
      1229         50          1 1.0000E+28          0          0       1000
  60267151 --------------------------------                0

这种现象证明seq 不是通过drop sequence命令删除,而可能直接delete obj$表进行删除,通过试验重现正常删除seq之后,obj$和seq$都会同步被删除

SQL> create sequence xxxx;

序列已创建。

SQL> select obj#,type# from obj$ where name='XXXX';

      OBJ#      TYPE#
---------- ----------
     87383          6

SQL> SELECT * FROM SEQ$ WHERE OBJ#=87383;

      OBJ# INCREMENT$   MINVALUE   MAXVALUE     CYCLE#     ORDER$      CACHE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
 HIGHWATER AUDIT$                                      FLAGS
---------- -------------------------------------- ----------
     87383          1          1 1.0000E+28          0          0         20
         1 --------------------------------                0


SQL> DROP SEQUENCE XXXX;

序列已删除。

SQL> SELECT * FROM SEQ$ WHERE OBJ#=87383;

未选定行

SQL> select obj#,type# from obj$ where name='XXXX';

未选定行

想到这里,那进一步分析,是否还有其他的系统序列被删除,分析思路是:在一个正常的库里面找出来SYS的seq的obj#,然后和test用户里面的obj$,seq$表里面对比
找出来test.obj$中sys用户的seq对象名字

SQL> select name,obj#,type# from test.obj$ where obj# in(
  2  select obj# from sys.obj$ where owner#=0 and type#=6)
  3  and type#=6;

未选定行

通过查询确认故障库中sys下面系统自带的核心seq的对象名称全部被删除(obj$中明确被删除),分析seq$中情况确认
QQ20250705-102429

SQL> select name,ctime from test.obj$ where type#=6 and owner#=0;

未选定行

通过上述相关核实,故障库中的obj$中系统字典seq基本上被删除(正常情况应该有130多个).对于这种情况,后续的类此比较简单,通过seq$表内容,构造出来系统 seq的创建语句,对其进行创建,然后数据库恢复正常,完成本次恢复工作.

发表在 非常规恢复 | 标签为 , , | 留下评论

ORA-00756 ORA-10567故障数据0丢失恢复

客户虚拟化故障修复之后,数据库启动报ORA-600 kcratr_scan_lastbwr错误
kcratr_scan_lastbwr


这个是一个比较常见的错误,一般recover 下就ok了,但是有些时候会出现ORA-600 3020或者类似ORA-00756 ORA-10567的错误,比如这次不幸就遇到了该错误

SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00756: recovery detected a lost write of a data block
ORA-10567: Redo is inconsistent with data block (file# 10, block# 4005760, file
offset is 2750414848 bytes)
ORA-10564: tablespace PACS55
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.4.dbf'
ORA-10561: block type 'TRANSACTION MANAGED INDEX BLOCK', data object# 76649

然后尝试单个文件recover恢复

SQL> recover datafile 10;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00756: recovery detected a lost write of a data block
ORA-10567: Redo is inconsistent with data block (file# 10, block# 4005760, file
offset is 2750414848 bytes)
ORA-10564: tablespace PACS55
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.4.dbf'
ORA-10561: block type 'TRANSACTION MANAGED INDEX BLOCK', data object# 76649

SQL> recover datafile 9;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00756: recovery detected a lost write of a data block
ORA-10567: Redo is inconsistent with data block (file# 9, block# 4158754, file
offset is 4003741696 bytes)
ORA-10564: tablespace PACS55
ORA-01110: data file 9: '/u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.3.dbf'
ORA-10561: block type 'TRANSACTION MANAGED INDEX BLOCK', data object# 76660

通过dbv检查这两个异常文件

[oracle@oradb ~]$ dbv file=/u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.3.dbf

DBVERIFY: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jun 28 23:02:15 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.3.dbf


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined         : 4194302
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 2482487
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 1655515
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Lob)  : 25017
Total Pages Failing   (Lob)  : 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 15919
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 15364
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 311133131196 (72.1895485884)
[oracle@oradb ~]$ dbv file=/u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.4.dbf 

DBVERIFY: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jun 28 23:04:59 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.4.dbf


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined         : 4194302
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 2466409
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 1683244
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Lob)  : 16977
Total Pages Failing   (Lob)  : 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 15909
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 11763
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 311133133727 (72.1895488415)

确定数据文件本身没有坏块,只是redo写丢失或者某种bug导致少量block应用redo的时候异常,而且报错是index,直接通过底层处理报错的block,让其这些报错的block直接不应用日志,然后完成recover操作,其他数据块数据不会丢失(最大限度减少损失,而不是直接修改文件头scn,或者强制拉库的方式来处理)

SQL> select file#,fuzzy from v$datafile_header;

     FILE# FUZ
---------- ---
	 1 NO
	 2 NO
	 3 NO
	 4 NO
	 5 NO
	 7 NO
	 8 NO
	 9 YES
	10 YES
	11 NO
	12 NO

     FILE# FUZ
---------- ---
	13 NO
	14 NO
	15 NO
	16 NO
	17 NO
	18 NO
	19 NO

18 rows selected.

SQL> recover  datafile 9 ;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> recover  datafile 10 ;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00756: recovery detected a lost write of a data block
ORA-10567: Redo is inconsistent with data block (file# 10, block# 3822912, file
offset is 1252524032 bytes)
ORA-10564: tablespace PACS55
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/u02/oradata/pacsdb/pacs55.4.dbf'
ORA-10561: block type 'TRANSACTION MANAGED INDEX BLOCK', data object# 76649
 
SQL> recover  datafile 10;
Media recovery complete.

正常open数据库成功,并rebuild 异常的对象

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select owner,object_name,object_type from dba_objects where data_object_id in(76649,76660);

OWNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OBJECT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OBJECT_TYPE
-----------------------
PACS55
STUDYINFO_DIAGRPTID
INDEX

PACS55
PACS_STUDYINFO_PK
INDEX

OWNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OBJECT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OBJECT_TYPE
-----------------------


SQL> alter index PACS55.STUDYINFO_DIAGRPTID rebuild online parallel 4;

Index altered.

SQL> alter index PACS55.PACS_STUDYINFO_PK rebuild online parallel 4;

Index altered.

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> alter index PACS55.STUDYINFO_DIAGRPTID noparallel;
alter index PACS55.PACS_STUDYINFO_PK noparallel;
Index altered.

SQL> 

Index altered.

至此该库完美恢复业务可以直接使用,业务数据0丢失.这次运气比较好,如果是表数据异常,可能会麻烦一点,但是也可以最大限度恢复(肯定比强制拉库,或者修改文件头的方式效果好)

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数据库文件变成32k故障恢复

最近一个客户数据库重启系统之后,数据文件大小变为了32kb,我接手的不是第一现场(客户那边尝试了rman还原操作),查看alert日志,数据库最初报错

Wed Jun 18 13:09:23 2025
alter database open
Block change tracking file is current.
Read of datafile 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\WASION08.DBF' (fno 14) header failed with ORA-01210
Hex dump of (file 14, block 1) in trace file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\ORCL\ORCL\trace\ORCL_ora_11208.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x03800001 (file 14, block 1)
Completely zero block found during datafile header read
Rereading datafile 14 header failed with ORA-01210
Hex dump of (file 14, block 1) in trace file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\ORCL\ORCL\trace\ORCL_ora_11208.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x03800001 (file 14, block 1)
Completely zero block found during datafile header read
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\ORCL\ORCL\trace\ORCL_ora_11208.trc:
ORA-01122: 数据库文件 14 验证失败
ORA-01110: 数据文件 14: 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\WASION08.DBF'
ORA-01210: 数据文件标头发生介质损坏
ORA-1122 signalled during: alter database open...
Wed Jun 18 13:09:23 2025
Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures

客户那边不知道做了什么操作之后报错(初步估计是把14号文件重命名了)

Thu Jun 19 16:04:19 2025
alter database open
Thu Jun 19 16:04:21 2025
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\ORCL\ORCL\trace\ORCL_dbw0_13000.trc:
ORA-01157: ????/?????? 14 - ??? DBWR ????
ORA-01110: ???? 14: 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\WASION08.DBF'
ORA-27041: ??????
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\ORCL\ORCL\trace\ORCL_ora_12328.trc:
ORA-03113: 通信通道的文件结尾
ORA-3113 signalled during: alter database open...

根据客户反馈14号文件变成了32kb,就是被重命名的.bak文件
32k


这其中有一个bak0618是通过rman还原出来的(备份中无有效的14号文件备份,还原出来的为该文件初始化创建大小)

Thu Jul 07 16:57:05 2022
alter tablespace wasion add datafile 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\WASION08.dbf' size 10g autoextend on
Completed: alter tablespace wasion add datafile 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\WASION08.dbf' size 10g autoextend on

2025-06-26_101717_568


基于当前情况,可以确认该文件异常,而且没有有效的rman备份.通过分析备份脚本,发现每个备份集1个数据文件,而且没有压缩,并按照10g进行分割为多个文件
QQ20250626-095824

这些本身没有问题,脚本的后面有直接通过系统级别命令删除两天之前的备份文件
QQ20250626-100105

这里有一个问题,由于磁盘空间不足,导致部分备份不成功,但是系统级别删除操作依旧正常进行,导致以前有效的备份被删除,后面的备份又没有成功(这个是本次该文件无法还原的主要原因),慎重提醒,rman备份尽量使用rman本身的策略来管理不要使用系统命令来维护备份策略,基于这样的情况,可以使用反删除命令找出来了一些该文件的备份集,并注册到控制文件中

RMAN> list backup of datafile 14;


备份集列表
===================


BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
35251   Incr 0  10.89G     DISK        00:01:20     15-6月 -25
  备份集 35251 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  14   0  Incr 758850903  15-6月 -25 D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\WASION08.DBF

  备份集 副本号 2 属于备份集 35251
  设备类型 经过时间 完成时间   压缩标记
  ----------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---
  DISK        00:01:20     26-6月 -25 NO         TAG20250615T220003

    备份集 35251 副本号 2的备份片段列表
    BP 关键字  Pc# 状态      段名称
    ------- --- ----------- ----------
    78307   1   AVAILABLE   H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_1_1
    78308   2   AVAILABLE   H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_2_1

BS 关键字  类型 LV 大小       设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
35266   Incr 0  1.81G      DISK        00:00:00     17-6月 -25
  备份集 35266 中的数据文件列表
  文件 LV 类型 Ckp SCN    Ckp 时间   名称
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
  14      Full 759283192  17-6月 -25 D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\WASION08.DBF

  备份集 副本号 1 属于备份集 35266
  设备类型 经过时间 完成时间   压缩标记
  ----------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---
  DISK        00:00:00     26-6月 -25 NO         TAG20250617T220049

    备份集 35266 副本号 1的备份片段列表
    BP 关键字  Pc# 状态      段名称
    ------- --- ----------- ----------
            1   DELETED                        <---缺少一个备份集文件
    78309   2   AVAILABLE   H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250617_79022_5E3S94MC_2_1

尝试rman还原这些备份文件

RMAN> run
2> {
3> SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 14 to 'H:\BaiduNetdisk\202506191452\14.dbf';
4> restore datafile 14;
5> }

正在执行命令: SET NEWNAME

启动 restore 于 26-6月 -25
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1

通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在开始还原数据文件备份集
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定从备份集还原的数据文件
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00014 还原到 H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\14.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在还原段 1 (属于 2)
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在读取备份片段 H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_1_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: restore 命令 (在 06/26/2025 08:35:53 上) 失败
ORA-19870: 还原备份片段 H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_1_1 时出错
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [krbvalmrange_badfno], [1], [14], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

alert日志报错

Thu Jun 26 08:25:26 2025
Checker run found 39 new persistent data failures
Thu Jun 26 08:35:51 2025
Datafile rdba reconstruction error, expected block greater than 804966, got 322047 for datafile 14
Corrupt block 804352 found during reading backup piece, 
file=H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_1_1, corr_type=4
Reread of blocknum=804352, file=H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_1_1. found valid data
Datafile rdba reconstruction error, expected block greater than 324095, got 55516 for datafile 14
Corrupt block 806400 found during reading backup piece, 
file=H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_1_1, corr_type=4
Reread of blocknum=806400, file=H:\BAIDUNETDISK\202506191452\L0_ORCL_20250615_78847_VV3S3RQP_1_1. found valid data
Errors in file C:\APP\XFF\diag\rdbms\ORCL\orcl\trace\orcl_ora_19208.trc  (incident=177):
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [krbvalmrange_badfno], [1], [14], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: C:\APP\XFF\diag\rdbms\ORCL\orcl\incident\incdir_177\orcl_ora_19208_i177.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Thu Jun 26 08:35:52 2025

后面通过工具分析以及ORA-600 krbvalmrange_badfno的错误,基本上可以确认在反删除恢复的备份集文件中部分rman的block是其他数据文件的,从而导致无法正常还原.基于这种情况,通过工具进行强制还原出来部分14号数据文件的block
QQ20250626-101208


然后再通过磁盘级别碎片,找到部分没有覆盖的block
suip

把rman备份中强制抽取的部分block和底层碎片恢复的没有覆盖的block组合到一起,通过检测确认恢复了大概2/3的数据
QQ20250626-101601

基于恢复的该文件和这个表空间的其他文件一起,使用dul工具把数据恢复到新库中,最大限度完成本次数据的抢救工作.

本次故障本不该发生,或者说发生不该如此严重:
1. rman备份采用系统级别维护策略,在备份没有成功的情况下依旧通过系统层面删除文件,导致故障文件无一份有效备份
2. 发生故障之后,没有保护现场的意识:对于32kb的数据文件所在磁盘进行了大量的写入操作(近1T的数据文件直接在本盘做了一次拷贝,还有rman默认写入到了以前文件所在位置)

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