惜分飞 » pdu工具 https://www.xifenfei.com 提供7*24专业数据库(Oracle,SQL Server,MySQL,PostgreSQL等)恢复和技术支持@Tel:17813235971 Wed, 04 Nov 2026 15:33:30 +0000 zh-CN hourly 1 PostgreSQL表文件损坏恢复—pdu恢复损坏的表文件 https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/03/pdu-recovery-corrupt-block.html https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/03/pdu-recovery-corrupt-block.html#comments Tue, 04 Mar 2025 14:11:13 +0000 https://www.xifenfei.com/?p=11277 继续阅读 →]]>

联系：手机/微信(+86 17813235971) QQ(107644445)QQ咨询惜分飞

标题：PostgreSQL表文件损坏恢复—pdu恢复损坏的表文件

作者：惜分飞©版权所有[未经本人同意,不得以任何形式转载,否则有进一步追究法律责任的权利.]

在某些情况下,由于PostgreSQL表文件损坏导致无法正常访问,可以通过pdu把好的block中的数据恢复出来
准备一张测试表,里面有97条记录

his5_dms=# \d hiscrm.t_sys_oper_log;
                                            Table "hiscrm.t_sys_oper_log"
       Column       |          Type          | Collation | Nullable |Default                     
--------------------+------------------------+-----------+----------+------------
 id                 | bigint                 |           | not null | 
 module             | character varying(50)  |           |          | 
 title              | character varying(50)  |           |          | 
 alias              | character varying(50)  |           |          | 
 business_type      | integer                |           |          | 0
 method             | character varying(200) |           |          | 
 request_method     | character varying(10)  |           |          | 
 operator_type      | integer                |           |          | 0
 oper_name          | character varying(50)  |           |          | 
 dept_name          | character varying(50)  |           |          | 
 oper_url           | character varying(255) |           |          | 
 oper_ip            | character varying(50)  |           |          | 
 oper_location      | character varying(255) |           |          | 
 oper_param         | text                   |           |          | 
 json_result        | text                   |           |          | 
 status             | integer                |           |          | 0
 error_msg          | text                   |           |          | 
 oper_time          | date                   |           |          | 
 create_id          | bigint                 |           |          | 
 create_time        | bigint                 |           |          | 
 clinic_id          | bigint                 |           |          | 
 group_id           | bigint                 |           |          | 
 patient_id         | bigint                 |           |          | 
 is_patient_related | integer                |           |          | 
 business_content   | json                   |           |          | 

his5_dms=# select count(1) from hiscrm.t_sys_oper_log;
 count 
-------
    97
(1 row)

查询表对应的具体文件

his5_dms=# SELECT oid,relfilenode FROM pg_class WHERE relname='t_sys_oper_log';
  oid  | relfilenode 
-------+-------------
 16850 |       16850
(1 row)

his5_dms=# SELECT pg_relation_filepath('hiscrm.t_sys_oper_log');
 pg_relation_filepath 
----------------------
 base/16386/16850
(1 row)

his5_dms=# SHOW data_directory;
     data_directory     
------------------------
 /var/lib/pgsql/12/data
(1 row)

使用dd对文件进行破坏

[postgres@xifenfeidg ~]$ ls -l  /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/16850
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 90112 Sep  5 20:26 /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/16850
[postgres@xifenfeidg ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/16850 bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes copied, 0.000158756 s, 3.2 MB/s

重启pg库

[postgres@xifenfeidg bin]$ ./pg_ctl -m fast -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/ stop
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
[postgres@xifenfeidg bin]$ ./pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/ start
waiting for server to start....2025-03-02 19:02:11.395 HKT [64515] LOG:  
  starting PostgreSQL 12.20 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, 
  compiled by gcc (GCC) 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-22), 64-bit
2025-03-02 19:02:11.396 HKT [64515] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2025-03-02 19:02:11.396 HKT [64515] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2025-03-02 19:02:11.396 HKT [64515] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2025-03-02 19:02:11.397 HKT [64515] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2025-03-02 19:02:11.403 HKT [64515] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
2025-03-02 19:02:11.403 HKT [64515] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
 done
server started

查询数据报错

[postgres@xifenfeidg bin]$ psql
psql (16.8, server 12.20)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \c his5_dms;
psql (16.8, server 12.20)
You are now connected to database "his5_dms" as user "postgres".
his5_dms=#  select count(1) from hiscrm.t_sys_oper_log;
ERROR:  invalid page in block 0 of relation base/16386/16850

通过pdu进行恢复
跳过了坏块,把好的block中数据均恢复出来

his5_dms.hiscrm=# unload tab t_sys_oper_log;
正在解析表 <t_sys_oper_log>. 已解析数据页: 0, 已解析数据: 0 条
        |-块号0 空页面或页面已损坏，已跳过
正在解析表 <t_sys_oper_log>. 已解析数据页: 11, 已解析数据: 86 条
表名<t_sys_oper_log>-</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/16850> 
    解析完成, 11 个数据页 ,共计 86 条数据. 成功 86 条; 失败【0】条 
COPY文件路径为:<his5_dms/hiscrm/t_sys_oper_log.csv>

导入pg库中

his5_dms=# truncate table hiscrm.t_sys_oper_log;
TRUNCATE TABLE
his5_dms=# \i his5_dms/COPY/hiscrm_copy.sql
SET
COPY 86
his5_dms=#
]]> https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/03/pdu-recovery-corrupt-block.html/feed 0 PostgreSQL恢复工具—pdu恢复单个表文件 https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/03/pdu-single-oid-recovery.html https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/03/pdu-single-oid-recovery.html#comments Sun, 02 Mar 2025 13:51:12 +0000 https://www.xifenfei.com/?p=11265 继续阅读 →]]>

联系：手机/微信(+86 17813235971) QQ(107644445)QQ咨询惜分飞

标题：PostgreSQL恢复工具—pdu恢复单个表文件

作者：惜分飞©版权所有[未经本人同意,不得以任何形式转载,否则有进一步追究法律责任的权利.]

在某些情况下,比如我们需要对单个的PostgreSQL库的表文件进行恢复(比如文件系统损坏,drop库/表,truncate表等原因,然后找到了部分oid文件),可以使用pdu对其进行完美恢复（相比pg_filedump也方便很多）,具体操作步骤:
1. 由于只有单个表文件,无法获取字典信息,因此需要应用厂商/客户提供具体表创建语句

his5_dms=#    CREATE TABLE t_xff (
his5_dms(#         id                       bigint,
his5_dms(#         hospital_id              bigint,
his5_dms(#         parent_id                bigint,
his5_dms(#         disease_code             varchar(60),
his5_dms(#         disease_name             varchar(60),
his5_dms(#         type                     smallint,
his5_dms(#         py                       varchar(60),
his5_dms(#         wb                       varchar(60),
his5_dms(#         sc                       varchar(20),
his5_dms(#         order_no                 int,
his5_dms(#         state                    smallint,
his5_dms(#         create_datetime          timestamp(6),
his5_dms(#         create_id                bigint,
his5_dms(#         edit_datetime            timestamp(6),
his5_dms(#         edit_id                  bigint,
his5_dms(#         search_path              varchar(300),
his5_dms(#         diagnosis_sort           int,
his5_dms(#         category_name            varchar(40),
his5_dms(#         input_option             varchar(40),
his5_dms(#         category_class           smallint,
his5_dms(#         memo1                    varchar(300),
his5_dms(#         memo2                    varchar(300),
his5_dms(#         other_code               varchar(60),
his5_dms(#         other_name               varchar(60),
his5_dms(#         special_disease_flag     smallint
his5_dms(#    );
CREATE TABLE

2. 把oid文件pdu放到restore库中

[root@xifenfeidg public]# pwd
/tmp/pdu/restore/public
[root@xifenfeidg public]# ls -l
total 7144
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7315456 Mar  2 21:04 123456
[root@xifenfeidg public]#

3. 使用add语句在pdu加载数据类型

restore.public=# add 123456 t_xff bigint,bigint,bigint,varchar,varchar,smallint,varchar,varchar,varchar,
int,smallint,timestamp,bigint,timestamp,bigint,varchar,int,varchar,varchar,
smallint,varchar,varchar,varchar,varchar,smallint;
添加完成，请用\dt;查看可unload的表
restore.public=# \dt;
|--------------------------------------------------|
|               表名                  |  表大小    |
|--------------------------------------------------|
|    t_xff                            |  6.98 MB   |
|--------------------------------------------------|

        仅显示表大小排名前 1 的表名

4.使用pdu恢复表数据

restore.public=# unload t_xff;
正在解析表 <t_xff>. 已解析数据页: 893, 已解析数据: 46998 条
<t_xff>-<restore/public/123456> 解析完成, 894 个数据页 ,共计 46998 条数据. 成功 46998 条; 失败【0】条 
 COPY文件路径为:<restore/public/t_xff.csv>
restore.public=# unload COPY;

COPY命令导出完成, 文件路径: restore/COPY/public_copy.sql

5.导入数据到pg库中

his5_dms=# \i restore/COPY/public_copy.sql
SET
COPY 46998
his5_dms=# select count(1) from t_xff;
 count 
-------
 46998
(1 row)
his5_dms=# \x
Expanded display is on.
his5_dms=# select * from t_xff limit 1;
-[ RECORD 1 ]--------+---------------------------
id                   | 323839
hospital_id          | 0
parent_id            | 301
disease_code         | 57.8900x003
disease_name         | 腹腔镜下膀胱颈悬吊术
type                 | 2
py                   | fqjxpgjxds
wb                   | eeqgeeceks
sc                   | 
order_no             | 0
state                | 1
create_datetime      | 2022-09-29 15:22:58.588492
create_id            | 
edit_datetime        | 
edit_id              | 
search_path          | 301,
diagnosis_sort       | 
category_name        | 
input_option         | 
category_class       | 3
memo1                | 
memo2                | 
other_code           | 
other_name           | 
special_disease_flag | 0
]]> https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/03/pdu-single-oid-recovery.html/feed 0 PostgreSQL恢复工具—pdu工具介绍 https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/02/pdu-threshold.html https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/02/pdu-threshold.html#comments Fri, 28 Feb 2025 15:11:31 +0000 https://www.xifenfei.com/?p=11260 继续阅读 →]]>

联系：手机/微信(+86 17813235971) QQ(107644445)QQ咨询惜分飞

标题：PostgreSQL恢复工具—pdu工具介绍

作者：惜分飞©版权所有[未经本人同意,不得以任何形式转载,否则有进一步追究法律责任的权利.]

张晨同学开发了一个PostgreSQL数据恢复工具PDU(PDU: Postgresql Data Rescue Tool),我这边配合做一些测试
使用帮助命令

PDU.public=# ;

PDU数据拯救工具 | 命令帮助
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
**基础操作**
b;                                      │ 初始化数据库元信息
exit;                                   │ 退出工具

**数据库切换**
use <db>;                               │ 指定目标数据库 (例: use logs;)
set <schema>;                           │ 指定操作模式 (例: set recovery;)

**元数据展示**
\l;                                     │ 列出所有数据库
\dn;                                    │ 显示当前数据库模式
\dt;                                    │ 列出当前模式下的表
\d+ <table>;                            │ 查看表结构详情 (例: \d+ users;)
\d <table>;                             │ 查看表列类型 (例: \d users;)

**数据导出**
unload <table>;                         │ 导出表数据 → ./<表名>.csv (例: unload orders;)
unload SCH;                             │ 导出当前模式所有数据
unload DDL;                             │ 生成模式结构定义文件
unload COPY;                            │ 生成PSQL COPY语句脚本

**误删数据恢复**
scan t1;                                │ 扫描被误删的表
restore del <Tx Number>;                │ 通过事务号恢复被误删的数据
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scan drop;                              │ 扫描wal日志中的drop事务
restore drop <Tx Number>;               │ 通过事务号恢复被drop的表
add <oid> <tablename> <attibutes>;      │ 将表信息手动添加到restore库中
例如: <add 12345 t1 varchar,varchar,timestamp,varchar,numeric,varchar,varchar,varchar,numeric;>

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
语法规则
◈ 指令后缀必须带 `;`

加载PostgreSQL元数据

PDU.public=# b;
开始初始化...
 -pg_database:</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/global/1262>
    【postgres】
      -pg_schema:</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/14399/2615>
      -pg_class:</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/14399/1259>，共55行
      -pg_attribute:</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/14399/1249>，共2913行
      模式:
        -->public，2张表
    【his5_dms】
      -pg_schema:</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/2615>
      -pg_class:</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/1259>，共793行
      -pg_attribute:</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/1249>，共31329行
      模式:
        -->public，660张表
        -->hiscrm，55张表
        -->pgagent，8张表
        -->report，7张表
        -->statistics，10张表

查看当前有哪些库

PDU.public=# \l;
|------------------|
|     数据库名     |
|------------------|
|    postgres      |
|    template1     |
|    template0     |
|    his5_dms      |
|    restore       |
|------------------|

      5 rows selected

进入某个库

PDU.public=# use his5_dms;
|----------------------------------------|
|          模式             |  表数量    |
|----------------------------------------|
|    public                 |  660       |
|    hiscrm                 |  55        |
|    pgagent                |  8         |
|    report                 |  7         |
|    statistics             |  10        |
|----------------------------------------|

进入某个模式

his5_dms.public=# set hiscrm;
|--------------------------------------------------|
|               表名                  |  表大小    |
|--------------------------------------------------|
|    t_patient_other                  |  600.00 KB |
|    t_sys_oper_log                   |  88.00 KB  |
|    t_auth                           |  88.00 KB  |
|    t_setting_user                   |  56.00 KB  |
|    t_field_define                   |  32.00 KB  |
|    t_oper_log                       |  16.00 KB  |
|    t_role                           |  16.00 KB  |
|    t_sys_login_log                  |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_appointment_item               |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_clinic                         |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_dept                           |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_employee                       |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_menu                           |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_patient_label                  |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_patient_label_detail_tpl       |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_patient_source_ref             |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_return_visit_tpl               |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_setting_clinic                 |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_setting_notify                 |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_sms_template_category          |  8.00 KB   |
|--------------------------------------------------|

        仅显示表大小排名前 50 的表名

显示部分表

his5_dms.hiscrm=# \dt;
|--------------------------------------------------|
|               表名                  |  表大小    |
|--------------------------------------------------|
|    t_patient_other                  |  600.00 KB |
|    t_sys_oper_log                   |  88.00 KB  |
|    t_auth                           |  88.00 KB  |
|    t_setting_user                   |  56.00 KB  |
|    t_field_define                   |  32.00 KB  |
|    t_oper_log                       |  16.00 KB  |
|    t_role                           |  16.00 KB  |
|    t_sys_login_log                  |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_appointment_item               |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_clinic                         |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_dept                           |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_employee                       |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_menu                           |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_patient_label                  |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_patient_label_detail_tpl       |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_patient_source_ref             |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_return_visit_tpl               |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_setting_clinic                 |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_setting_notify                 |  8.00 KB   |
|    t_sms_template_category          |  8.00 KB   |
|--------------------------------------------------|

        仅显示表大小排名前 50 的表名

显示某个表的信息

his5_dms.hiscrm=# \d+ t_auth;
----------------------------------------------------------------
|                            建表语句                           |
----------------------------------------------------------------
   CREATE TABLE t_auth (
        id                       bigint,
        clinic_id                bigint,
        group_id                 bigint,
        parient_id               varchar(64),
        menu_id                  varchar(64),
        auth_key                 varchar(60),
        auth_name                varchar(64),
        uris                     varchar,
        rely                     varchar(255),
        state                    bigint,
        sort                     bigint,
        tag                      bigint,
        explain                  varchar(255),
        desc                     varchar(255)
   );
----------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                              |
----------------------------------------------------------------
his5_dms.hiscrm=# \d t_auth;
----------------------------------------------------------------
|                            列类型                             |
----------------------------------------------------------------
bigint,bigint,bigint,varchar,varchar,varchar,varchar,varchar,varchar,bigint,bigint,bigint,varchar,varchar

恢复表数据

his5_dms.hiscrm=# unload t_auth;
正在解析表 <t_auth>. 已解析数据页: 11, 已解析数据: 492 条
<t_auth>-</var/lib/pgsql/12/data/base/16386/16895> 解析完成, 12 个数据页 ,共计 492 条数据. 成功 492 条; 失败【0】条 
 COPY文件路径为:<his5_dms/hiscrm/t_auth.csv>

确认恢复表的数据情况

[root@xifenfeidg hiscrm]# wc -l t_auth.csv
492 t_auth.csv

QQ20250228-224837

PostgreSQL中查询表实际数据情况

his5_dms=# select count(1) from hiscrm.t_auth;
 count 
-------
   492
(1 row)
is5_dms=# \d hiscrm.t_auth;
                                Table "hiscrm.t_auth"
   Column   |          Type          | Collation | Nullable |         Default         
------------+------------------------+-----------+----------+-------------------------
 id         | bigint                 |           | not null | 
 clinic_id  | bigint                 |           |          | 
 group_id   | bigint                 |           |          | 
 parient_id | character varying(64)  |           | not null | 
 menu_id    | character varying(64)  |           | not null | 
 auth_key   | character varying(60)  |           | not null | 
 auth_name  | character varying(64)  |           | not null | 
 uris       | text                   |           | not null | 
 rely       | character varying(255) |           |          | NULL::character varying
 state      | bigint                 |           | not null | 
 sort       | bigint                 |           | not null | 
 tag        | bigint                 |           |          | '0'::bigint
 explain    | character varying(255) |           |          | NULL::character varying
 desc       | character varying(255) |           |          | NULL::character varying

truncate表

his5_dms=# truncate table hiscrm.t_auth;
TRUNCATE TABLE
his5_dms=# select count(1) from hiscrm.t_auth;
 count 
-------
     0
(1 row)

导入数据,并验证恢复效果

his5_dms=# \i /tmp/pdu/his5_dms/COPY/hiscrm_copy.sql 
SET
COPY 492
his5_dms=# select count(1) from  hiscrm.t_auth;
 count 
-------
   492
(1 row)

通过验证pdu可以在数据库离线的情况下，恢复PostgreSQL数据库中表的数据，更加方便和灵活的实现替代pg_filedump功能，而且pdu还在不断完善和新功能更新中

]]> https://www.xifenfei.com/2025/02/pdu-threshold.html/feed 0