分类目录归档：数据库

块修改跟踪特性(Block Change Tracking)

发表于 2011 年 11 月 3 日 由 惜分飞
有一服务器有1T左右的数据，备份策略是(1+2)*2（1全备，2增量备份，备份保留2周期）的备份策略，随便增量备份减少了备份的体积，但是增量备份的时间，基本上和全备无差别，都是要近6小时（包括压缩）。这里没有完全体现出增量备份的强大之处，因为没有开启块修改跟踪，无论是增量备份还是全备都需要扫描所有的数据块。虽然网上说开启块修改跟踪可能会会触发一些bug，但是我找了下，10.2.0.4以后块修改跟踪还是比较稳定的，所以决定开启块修改跟踪功能，节约增量备份时间，提高系统性能。
 
一、开启块修改跟踪
[oracle@node1 bdump]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 – Production on Thu Nov 3 11:13:54 2011
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
 
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
 
SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file
  2   '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace';
 
Database altered.
 
SQL> set long 200
SQL> col filename for a50
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$block_change_tracking;
 
STATUS     FILENAME                                                BYTES
———- ————————————————– ———-
ENABLED    /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace          11599872
 
SQL> !/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace
/bin/bash: /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace: 权限不够
 
SQL> !
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace
-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 11600384 11-03 11:05 /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ps -ef|grep ctwr|grep -v grep
oracle    2771     1  0 11:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_ctwr_ecp
 
[oracle@node1 bdump]$ tail -11 /opt/oracle/admin/ecp/bdump/alert_ecp.log 
Thu Nov 03 11:05:47 CST 2011
alter database enable block change tracking using file
 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace'
Thu Nov 03 11:05:47 CST 2011
Block change tracking file is current.
Starting background process CTWR
CTWR started with pid=18, OS id=2771
Block change tracking service is active.
Thu Nov 03 11:05:48 CST 2011
Completed: alter database enable block change tracking using file
 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace'
通过这些都可以看出来，开启块修改跟踪功能，会启动CTWR进程，并且修改的块号会被记录到指定文件中
 
 
二、关闭块改变跟踪
SQL> alter database disable block change tracking;
 
Database altered.
 
SQL> col filename for a50
 
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$block_change_tracking;
 
STATUS     FILENAME                                                BYTES
———- ————————————————– ———-
DISABLED
 
SQL> !
[oracle@node1 bdump]$ ll /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace
ls: /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace: 没有那个文件或目录
[oracle@node1 bdump]$  ps -ef|grep ctwr|grep -v grep
[oracle@node1 bdump]$ tail -8 /opt/oracle/admin/ecp/bdump/alert_ecp.log 
Thu Nov 03 11:14:06 CST 2011
alter database disable block change tracking
Thu Nov 03 11:14:07 CST 2011
Block change tracking service stopping.
Thu Nov 03 11:14:07 CST 2011
Stopping background process CTWR
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace
Completed: alter database disable block change tracking
通过这些都可以看出来，关闭块修改跟踪功能，会关闭CTWR进程，并且删除跟踪文件（Linux系统会删除，Window不会）
 
三、块修改跟踪文件重命名
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$block_change_tracking;
 
STATUS     FILENAME                                                BYTES
———- ————————————————– ———-
ENABLED    /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace          11599872
 
SQL> alter database rename file '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace'
  2  to '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace_new';
alter database rename file '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files
ORA-19771: cannot rename change tracking file while database is open
 
 
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes
Fixed Size                  2096632 bytes
Variable Size             385876488 bytes
Database Buffers         1207959552 bytes
Redo Buffers               14680064 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database rename file '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace'
  2  to '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace_new';
 
Database altered.
 
SQL> alter database open;
 
Database altered.
 
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$block_change_tracking;
 
STATUS     FILENAME                                                BYTES
———- ————————————————– ———-
ENABLED    /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace_new      11599872

[oracle@node1 bdump]$ tail -100 /opt/oracle/admin/ecp/bdump/alert_ecp.log |more

Thu Nov 03 11:22:34 CST 2011
alter database rename file '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace'
to '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace_new'
Completed: alter database rename file '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace'
to '/opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace_new'
Thu Nov 03 11:22:40 CST 2011
alter database open
Thu Nov 03 11:22:40 CST 2011
CHANGE TRACKING is enabled for this database, but the
change tracking file can not be found. Recreating the file.
Change tracking file recreated.
Block change tracking file is current.

[oracle@node1 bdump]$ ll /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace*
-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 11600384 11-03 11:22 /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace
-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 11600384 11-03 12:05 /opt/oracle/oradata/ecp/Oracle_change.trace_new

数据库在open状态下不能修改，所以必须把数据库重启至mount状态才能够修改，如果库不能重启，那么可以先关闭原块修改跟踪功能，再开启块修改跟踪功能。
两种方法比较：
1、都会重新建立一个跟踪文件
2、如果是重命名，老的跟踪文件不会自动被删除，需要人工删除
3、推荐使用关闭跟踪功能，然后在重新制定跟踪文件开启跟踪功能
发表在 Oracle备份恢复 | 评论关闭

同台服务器多版本数据库监听配置

发表于 2011 年 11 月 1 日 由 惜分飞

在一台服务器上分别安装有Oracle 10g和Oracle 11g，现在需要对这两个数据库都配置对应的监听，使其能够正常工作，本文对配置方法做了总结，供参考学习

一、动态监听
Oracle 10g listener.ora配置

[oracle@node1 admin]$ more listener.ora 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )
 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

Oracle 11g listener.ora配置

[oracle@node1 admin]$ more listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT = 1522))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522))
    )
  )
 
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle
 
[oracle@node1 admin]$ more tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
 
ORA11G =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.9.140)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
    )
  )
 
SQL> show parameter local_lis
 
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
local_listener                       string      ora11g
[oracle@node1 admin]$ ps -ef|grep tns|grep -v grep
oracle   24713     1  0 10:30 ?        00:00:00 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle   24720     1  0 10:30 ?        00:00:00 /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
 

事项说明：
1、10g和11g两个数据库都采用动态监听，但是由于默认情况下，动态注册只会注册1521端口，所以其中一个数据库需要设置local_listener参数，用于监听其他端口
2、10g和11g两个数据库都采用动态监听，会启动两个互不干扰的监听进程

 
二、静态监听
1）使用一个监听

[oracle@node1 admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = chf)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
     (SID_NAME = chf)
    )
   (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ecp)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
     (SID_NAME = ecp)
     )
    (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
     (SID_NAME = ora11g)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
 
[oracle@node1 admin]$ lsnrctl 
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on 01-NOV-2011 10:03:44
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
 
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…
 
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 – Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 – Production
Start Date                01-NOV-2011 10:03:45
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary…
Service "chf" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ecp" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ecp", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully
 
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 – Production
Start Date                01-NOV-2011 10:03:45
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 3 min. 57 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary…
Service "chf" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "chfXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "chf_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ecp" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "ecp", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ecpXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ecp_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully
 
[oracle@node1 admin]$ ps -ef|grep tns|grep -v grep
oracle   23602     1  0 10:03 ?        00:00:00 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
 

事项说明：
1、这种方法是采用一个监听实现监听所有实例，只会启动一个监听进程，只监听一个端口
2、实例中显示的为：11g一个实例，10g有两个实例的监听情况
3、这种监听方法可以在10g中配置，也可以在11g中配置，都能够正常工作

2）使用多个监听
Oracle 10g listener.ora配置

[oracle@node1 admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = chf)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
     (SID_NAME = chf)
    )
   (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ecp)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
     (SID_NAME = ecp)
     )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
 
[oracle@node1 admin]$ lsnrctl status
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on 01-NOV-2011 10:35:12
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Start Date                01-NOV-2011 10:30:34
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 4 min. 37 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary…
Service "chf" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "chfXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "chf_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ecp" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "ecp", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ecpXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ecp_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully
 

Oracle 11g listener.ora配置

[oracle@node1 admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
     (SID_NAME = ora11g)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT = 1522))
    )
  )
[oracle@node1 admin]$ lsnrctl status
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on 01-NOV-2011 10:37:04
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 – Production
Start Date                01-NOV-2011 10:30:25
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 39 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary…
Service "ora11g" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
  Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully
 
[oracle@node1 admin]$ ps -ef|grep tns|grep -v grep
oracle   24713     1  0 10:30 ?        00:00:00 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle   24720     1  0 10:30 ?        00:00:00 /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
 

事项说明： 使用了两个监听，分别监听不同的端口，对应不同的数据库

发表在 Oracle 监听 | 一条评论

SP2-1503 SP2-0152 错误解决

发表于 2011 年 10 月 31 日 由 惜分飞
一、现场描述
服务器上有Oracle 10g环境变量分别为
Oracle 10g环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_PATH=$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/sql:.:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export ORACLE_SID=ecp
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:$ORACLE_BASE:$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_PATH
 
现在在上面Oracle 11g，在shell中执行下面命令修改环境变量
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
然后安装数据库，安装过程一切顺利，安装完成，当使用sqlplus的时候报如下错误：
[oracle@node1 tmp]$ sqlplus /nolog
SP2-1503: Unable to initialize Oracle call interface
SP2-0152: ORACLE may not be functioning properly
 
二、问题原因
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
[oracle@node1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Oct 31 17:04:17 2011
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
 
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SP2-1503: Unable to initialize Oracle call interface
SP2-0152: ORACLE may not be functioning properly
因为系统的环境变量中的PATH没有修改过来，直接使用sqlplus的时候，还是会调用Oracle 10g中的sqlplus，而此时ORACLE_HOME与其不匹配，导致出现上面错误
 
三、证明猜想，试验如下
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@node1 ~]$  env|grep ORACLE
ORACLE_PATH=/opt/oracle/common/oracle/sql:.:/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin
ORACLE_SID=ecp
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_TERM=xterm
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SP2-1503: Unable to initialize Oracle call interface
SP2-0152: ORACLE may not be functioning properly
说明：修改ORACLE_HOME，指向Oracle 11g的目录，然后执行sqlplus(该程序属于10g)，报同样错误

四、补充说明
1、如果在一台服务器上安装不同版本数据库，建议使用不用用户安装，这样可以减少很多管理上没必要的麻烦，提高工作效率
2、sqlplus程序需要和ORACLE_HOME向对应，不然就会出现SP2-1503   SP2-0152错误
3、本次排错中学习到知识，如果要执行一个shell文件修改环境变量，可以使用source
4、如果必须使用同一个用户安装，那么建议新安装的oracle版本建一个shell文件，然后使用source shell_filename，修改环境变量（特别注意PATH)

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